Back Arthrology

Question 1

What is a snyovial joint

Answer 1

A joint composed of a joint capsule that contains synovial fluid

Question 2

What surrounds the joint cavity in synovial joints

Answer 2

The synovial membrane with a firbous capsule outside layer

Question 3

What is a plane joint, what movement does it allow, and what is an example

What type of axial

Answer 3

A synovial joint

Allows for gliding or sliding movements in the plane of the articulated surfaces

Usually uniaxial

Ex: the acromiclavicular joint

Question 4

What is a Ginglymus (hinge) joint, what movement does it allow, and what is an example

What type of axial

Answer 4

Synovial joint

Allows felxion and extension only in one plane around a single axis (uniaxial)

Example: elbow joint

Question 5

What is a saddle (sellar) joint, what movmement does it allow, what type of axial is it, and what is an example?

Answer 5

Synovial joint

Allows for abduction and adduction as well as flexion and extension in two planes

Biaxial

Example: the carpo-metacarpal joint

Question 6

What is a trochoid (pivot) joint, what is its axial, what movement does it allow, and what is an example

Answer 6

Synovial joint

Uniaxial

Allows for rotation around a central axis

Example: the median atlantoaxial joint

Question 7

What is a condyloid joint, what is its axial, what movement does it allow, and what is an example

Answer 7

Synovial joint

Biaxial

Allows for flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction

Example: metacarpophalangeal joints

Question 8

What is a spheroidal (ball and socket) joint, what is its axial, what movement does it allow, and what is an example

Answer 8

Synovial joint

Multiaxial

Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotations and circumductions

Example: the hip joint

Question 9

What is a compound synovial joint

Answer 9

Any combination of two or more synovial joints

Question 10

What is a fibrous joint

Answer 10

Articulating bones united by fibrous tissue

Question 11

What is a serrated suture

Answer 11

Fibrous joint

Interlocking bone with a jagged edge

Question 12

What is a squamous suture

Answer 12

Fibrous joint

Joined bones with two beveled surfaces

Question 13

What is a planar suture

Answer 13

Fibrous joint

Two blunt ends joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 14

What is a schindylesis joint

Answer 14

Fibrous joint

Tongue-in groove joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 15

What is a gomphosis joint

Answer 15

Fibrous joint

Peg in socket joined by fibrous connective tissue

Question 16

What is a syndemosis joint

Answer 16

Fibrous joint

Two bones separated by a fibrous membrane

Question 17

What is a cartilaginous joint

Answer 17

Articulating structures united by hyaline cartilage

Question 18

What is a synchondrosis joint

Answer 18

Primary cartilagenous joint, characterized by temporary cartilaginous unions

Usually seen in growing bone

Question 19

What is a symphysis joint

Answer 19

A secondary cartilaginous joint characterized by strong slightly moveable joints united by firbocartilage

Question 20

C1/C2 are what type of joint

Answer 20

Compound synovial

Planar and trochoid

Question 21

What is the uncovertebral joint of Luschka

Answer 21

Beveled inferior surface between uncinate process

Question 22

Are there IV discs between C1 and C2?

Answer 22

No

Question 23

What is the anterior longitudinal ligament and what does it bind

Answer 23

Strong fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV Disks

Extends from sacrum to C1

Question 24

What can whiplash injure

Answer 24

Can injure the Ant. Long. L. With excessive stretching and tearing

Question 25

What is the posterior longitudinal ligament, and what does it bind

Answer 25

Weaker than Ant. Long. L.

Runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies.

Attached mainly to IV disks

Question 26

What is the only ligament that limits extension

Answer 26

Ant. Long. Ligament

Question 27

What is the ligamentum flavum and where does it run/connect to

Answer 27

Pale yellow elastic band

Binds the lamina of the adjoining vertebrae together

Question 28

What does the interspinous ligament do

Answer 28

Connects adjoining spinous processes, attaching from the root to the apex of each

Question 29

What does the supraspinous ligament do

Answer 29

Connects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum

Question 30

Where doe herniation of IV disks usually occur

Answer 30

Usually occurs posterolaterally where the annulus fibrosis receives no support from the ant. And post. Long. Ligaments

Question 31

What happens in an IV disk herniation

Answer 31

Nucleus pulposus is pushed into vertebral column due to excess pressure of weak annulus firbosis

Question 32

Where is herniation most common

Answer 32

L4/5 and L5/S1

Question 33

What is the water content of the nuclei pulposi?

Answer 33

88%

Question 34

What type of pain is associated with muscular, joint, or fibroskeletal pain

Answer 34

Lower back pain

Question 35

Zygapophysial joint pain is usually associated with what

Answer 35

Aging

Question 36

What is a major cause of structural scoliosis

Answer 36

Hemivertebra - failure of half the vertebra to develop

Question 37

When does idiopathic scoliosis develop in boys and girls

Answer 37

Boys 12 - 15

Girls 10 - 14

Question 38

What is habitat scoliosis caused from

Answer 38

Habitual standing or sitting improperly