Back Arthrology Flashcards
What is a snyovial joint
A joint composed of a joint capsule that contains synovial fluid
What surrounds the joint cavity in synovial joints
The synovial membrane with a firbous capsule outside layer
What is a plane joint, what movement does it allow, and what is an example
What type of axial
A synovial joint
Allows for gliding or sliding movements in the plane of the articulated surfaces
Usually uniaxial
Ex: the acromiclavicular joint
What is a Ginglymus (hinge) joint, what movement does it allow, and what is an example
What type of axial
Synovial joint
Allows felxion and extension only in one plane around a single axis (uniaxial)
Example: elbow joint
What is a saddle (sellar) joint, what movmement does it allow, what type of axial is it, and what is an example?
Synovial joint
Allows for abduction and adduction as well as flexion and extension in two planes
Biaxial
Example: the carpo-metacarpal joint
What is a trochoid (pivot) joint, what is its axial, what movement does it allow, and what is an example
Synovial joint
Uniaxial
Allows for rotation around a central axis
Example: the median atlantoaxial joint
What is a condyloid joint, what is its axial, what movement does it allow, and what is an example
Synovial joint
Biaxial
Allows for flexion and extension as well as abduction and adduction
Example: metacarpophalangeal joints
What is a spheroidal (ball and socket) joint, what is its axial, what movement does it allow, and what is an example
Synovial joint
Multiaxial
Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial and lateral rotations and circumductions
Example: the hip joint
What is a compound synovial joint
Any combination of two or more synovial joints
What is a fibrous joint
Articulating bones united by fibrous tissue
What is a serrated suture
Fibrous joint
Interlocking bone with a jagged edge
What is a squamous suture
Fibrous joint
Joined bones with two beveled surfaces
What is a planar suture
Fibrous joint
Two blunt ends joined by fibrous connective tissue
What is a schindylesis joint
Fibrous joint
Tongue-in groove joined by fibrous connective tissue
What is a gomphosis joint
Fibrous joint
Peg in socket joined by fibrous connective tissue
What is a syndemosis joint
Fibrous joint
Two bones separated by a fibrous membrane
What is a cartilaginous joint
Articulating structures united by hyaline cartilage
What is a synchondrosis joint
Primary cartilagenous joint, characterized by temporary cartilaginous unions
Usually seen in growing bone
What is a symphysis joint
A secondary cartilaginous joint characterized by strong slightly moveable joints united by firbocartilage
C1/C2 are what type of joint
Compound synovial
Planar and trochoid
What is the uncovertebral joint of Luschka
Beveled inferior surface between uncinate process
Are there IV discs between C1 and C2?
No
What is the anterior longitudinal ligament and what does it bind
Strong fibrous band that covers and connects the anterolateral aspects of the vertebral bodies and IV Disks
Extends from sacrum to C1
What can whiplash injure
Can injure the Ant. Long. L. With excessive stretching and tearing
What is the posterior longitudinal ligament, and what does it bind
Weaker than Ant. Long. L.
Runs within the vertebral canal along the posterior aspect of the vertebral bodies.
Attached mainly to IV disks
What is the only ligament that limits extension
Ant. Long. Ligament
What is the ligamentum flavum and where does it run/connect to
Pale yellow elastic band
Binds the lamina of the adjoining vertebrae together
What does the interspinous ligament do
Connects adjoining spinous processes, attaching from the root to the apex of each
What does the supraspinous ligament do
Connects the tips of the spinous processes from C7 to the sacrum
Where doe herniation of IV disks usually occur
Usually occurs posterolaterally where the annulus fibrosis receives no support from the ant. And post. Long. Ligaments
What happens in an IV disk herniation
Nucleus pulposus is pushed into vertebral column due to excess pressure of weak annulus firbosis
Where is herniation most common
L4/5 and L5/S1
What is the water content of the nuclei pulposi?
88%
What type of pain is associated with muscular, joint, or fibroskeletal pain
Lower back pain
Zygapophysial joint pain is usually associated with what
Aging
What is a major cause of structural scoliosis
Hemivertebra - failure of half the vertebra to develop
When does idiopathic scoliosis develop in boys and girls
Boys 12 - 15
Girls 10 - 14
What is habitat scoliosis caused from
Habitual standing or sitting improperly
