Back muscles Flashcards
What is the origin of the trapezius muscle?
Skull, ligamentum nuchae and the spinous processes of C7-T12
What is the insertion of the trapezius muscle?
Clavicle, acromion and the spine of the scapula
What is the innervation of the trapezius muscle?
Accessory nerve
What is the action of the trapezius muscle?
Elevation, rotation, retraction and depression of the scapula
What is the origin of the latissimus dorsi?
Spinous processes of T6-T12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, and the inferior three ribs
What is the insertion of the latissimus dorsi?
Fibres converge into a tendon that attaches to the intertubercular sulcus of the humerus
What is the innervation of the latissimus dorsi?
Thoracodorsal nerve
What is the action of the latissimus dorsi?
Extension, adduction and medial rotation of the upper limb
What is the origin of the levator scapulae?
Transverse processes of the C1-C4 vertebrae
What is the insertion of the levator scapulae?
Medial border of the scapula
What is the innervation of the levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What is the action of the levator scapulae?
Elevation of the scapula
What is the origin of the rhomboid major?
Spinous processes of T2-T5 vertebrae
What is the insertion of the rhomboid major?
Medial border of the scapula, between the scapula spine and inferior angle
What is the innervation of the rhomboid major?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What is the action of the rhomboid major?
Retracts and rotates the scapula
What is the origin of the rhomboid minor?
Spinous processes of C7-T1 vertebrae
What is the insertion of the rhomboid minor?
Medial border of the scapula, at the level of the spine of scapula
What is the innervation of the rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapular nerve
What is the action of the rhomboid minor?
Retracts and rotates the scapula
What muscles make up the spinotransversales (deep muscles)?
- splenius capitis
- splenius cervicis (colli)
What is the origin of the splenius capitis?
Lower aspect of the ligamentum nuchae, and the spinous processes of C7-T3/4 vertebrae
What is the insertion of the splenius capitis?
Mastoid process and the occipital bone
What is the action of the splenius capitis?
Rotate head to same side
What is the innervation of the splenius capitis?
Posterior rami of spinal nerves C3 and C4
What is the origin of the splenius cervicis?
Spinous processes of T3-T6 vertebrae
What is the insertion of the splenius cervicis?
Transverse processes of C1-3/4
What is the action of the splenius cervicis?
Rotate head to same side
What is the innervation of the splenius cervicis?
Posterior rami of the lower cervical spinal nerves
What muscles make up the erector spinae? (Deep muscles)
- iliocostalis
- longissimus
- spinalis
What is the origin of the iliocostalis?
Common tendinous origin of the erector spinae
What is the insertion of the iliocostalis?
Costal angle of the ribs and the cervical transverse processes
What is the action of the iliocostalis?
- unilaterally laterally flex the vertebral column
- bilaterally extend the vertebral column and head
What is the innervation of the iliocostalis?
Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
What is the origin of the longissimus?
Common tendinous origin of the erector spinae
What is the insertion of the longissimus?
Lower ribs, the transverse processes of C2-T12, and the mastoid process of the skull
What is the action of the longissimus?
- unilaterally laterally flex the vertebral column
- bilaterally extend the vertebral column and head
What is the innervation of the longissimus?
Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
What is the origin of the spinalis?
Common tendinous origin of the erector spinae
What is the insertion of the spinalis?
Spinous processes of C2, T1-T8 and the occipital bone of the skull
What is the action of the spinalis?
- unilaterally laterally flex the vertebral column
- bilaterally extend the vertebral column and head
What is the innervation of the spinalis?
Posterior rami of the spinal nerves
