12.2 - Genitourinary Organisation and Urinalysis Flashcards
What disease is indicated if we find leukocytes in a urine dipstick test?
Urinary tract infection (UTI)
What disease is indicated if we find nitrite in a urine dipstick test?
Gram -ve bacteria in a large number e.g. E. coli
What diseases are indicated if we find ketones in a urine dipstick test?
- starvation
- fasting
- diabetic ketoacidosis
What diseases are indicated if we find bilirubin in a urine dipstick test?
- liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis)
- gallstones
What diseases are indicated if we find urobilinogen in a urine dipstick test?
- liver disease (cirrhosis or hepatitis)
- haemolysis
What disease is indicated if we find glucose in a urine dipstick test?
Diabetes mellitus
What disease is indicated if we find low specific gravity in a urine dipstick test?
Diabetes insipidus
What disease is indicated if we find protein in a urine dipstick test?
Nephrotic syndrome
What diseases are indicated if we find blood in a urine dipstick test?
- nephritic syndrome
- kidney stones
- UTI
What is the percentage of water in filtrate through the nephron at different points?
- after PCT: 30-40% (as around 67% reabsorbed, 33% remains)
- after descending LOH: 15-20%
- after ascending LOH: 15-20%
- after DCT: 7-10%
- after collecting duct: 1-2%
What is the percentage of sodium in filtrate through the nephron at different points?
- after PCT: 30-40%
- after descending LOH: 30-40%
- after ascending LOH: 15-20%
- after DCT: 5-7%
- after collecting duct: 0-1%
What is the percentage of glucose in filtrate through the nephron at different points?
- 100% reabsorbed at PCT
- after PCT, descending LOH, ascending LOH, DCT and collecting duct are all 0%
What is the percentage of inulin through the nephron at different points?
- freely filtered, and no reabsorption (or secretion) occurs
- after PCT, descending LOH, ascending LOH, DCT and collecting duct are all 100%
