7.16&17&18&19 - Head, Neck & Spine 2 Flashcards
1
Q
What are the functions of the neck?
A
- structural - supports and moves the head
- visceral functions - contains the airway and oesophagus
- conduit for blood vessels and nerves
2
Q
What is fascia?
A
- connective tissue mainly composed of collagen fibres
- organises body into different compartments
- permits spread of infection between compartments - surrounds them
- surrounds and holds every organ, blood vessel, nerve fibre and muscle in place
3
Q
What are the fascia of the neck?
A
- superficial - most external fascial layer, thin muscle (platysma) at front of neck
- investing - second layer
- pretracheal - surrounds visceral components (surrounds visceral compartments)
- carotid sheath - surrounds blood vessels (surrounds vascular compartments)
- prevertebral - surrounds muscles (surrounds vertebral compartments)
4
Q
What are the triangles of the neck?
A
- anterior triangle - borders: anterior border of sternomastoid, inferior border of mandible, midline of neck
- posterior triangle - borders: posterior border of sternomastoid, anterior body of trapezius, middle third of clavicle
5
Q
What does the anterior triangle of the neck contain?
A
- mainly muscles:
- platsyma
- mylohyoid
- digastric
- infahyoid (strap) muscles
- blood vessels e.g. carotid arteries
6
Q
What is the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
A
- rotation of head to opposite side
- innervated by accessory nerve, CN XI
7
Q
What types of muscles are there in the neck?
A
- strap muscles/infrahyoid muscles (below hyoid bone)
- thyrohyoid and sternothyroid are covered by the omohyoid and sternohyoid muscles
- ‘omohyoid’ derived from Greek ‘omos’ = shoulder, giving one of its attachments, and ‘hyoid’, giving the other attachment - the hyoid bone
8
Q
What does the posterior triangle contain?
A
- mainly blood vessels and nerves:
- external jugular vein
- subclavian artery
- subclavian vein
- trunks of brachial plexus
- phrenic nerve
- vagus nerve
- spinal accessory nerve
9
Q
What are the branches of the external carotid artery?
A
- supplies face (whereas internal carotid supplies brain)
- common carotid –> external and internal carotid arteries
- lingual, facial and maxillary branches
10
Q
What is the innervation of platysma?
A
- cervical branch of the facial nerve, CN VII
11
Q
What is the innervation of mylohyoid?
A
- mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, CN V3
12
Q
What is the innervation of the anterior belly of the digastric muscle?
A
- mandibular division of trigeminal nerve, CN V3
13
Q
What is the innervation of the posterior belly of digastric muscle?
A
- facial nerve, CN VII
14
Q
What is the innervation of the infrahyoid muscles?
A
- hypoglossal nerve, CN XIII
