B9.1 - B9.4 - Respiration✔️ Flashcards
What is aerobic respiration?
A chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from glucose
What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?
carbon dioxide and water
What type of reaction is aerobic respiration? And why?
Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction as it transfers more energy to the environment then the energy used to break the bonds
Symbol equation for aerobic respiration?
C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20
Where does respiration take place - how is it adapted for this?
Mitochondria is the site of respiration and contain folded inner membrane that provides large surface area for enzymes involved
What is respiration used for in animals?
- energy transferred to make muscles contract for movment
- the heart and stomach for digestion and movement of blood
- maintaining a constant internal body temperature
What is respiration used for in plants?
-energy transferred to move mineral ions from the soil into root hair cells
-energy transferred to convert sugars and nitrates into amino acids which are built up into proteins
Why do living cells need energy from respiration?
-building smaller molecules into larger ones to make new cell material
-breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones during digestion
What are muscle tissues made of?
Protein fibres - that contract when energy is transferred - contains lots of mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration
What is glycogen?
Glycogen is the stored form of glucose when it is not needed - can easily be converted back when needed eg during exercise
What happens to your body during exercise?
-heart rate increases
-breathing increases
-glycogen converted back into glucose
What is anaerobic respiration?
reaction which takes place without oxygen it is not as efficient because the glucose molecules are not broken down completely - lactic acid is also produced
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals?
lactic acid
What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in plants?
Ethanol and carbon dioxide
What is oxygen debt?
Caused by the build up of lactic acid in the muscles as a result of anaerobic respiration
What are the results of an oxygen debt?
Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently
Word equation for aerobic respiration?
Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water
why does heart rate increase during exercise?
-heart rate increases - arteries dilate(widen) increases rate of supply of oxygen and glucose for respiration - carbon dioxide is removed faster
Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?
-breathing increases - rate at which oxygen is brought in and picked up by red blood cells increases because aerobic respiration happens more
What happens to glycogen when we exercise?
Glycogen stored in the muscles is converted back into glucose to supply the cells for cellular respiration
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?
Glucose - lactic acid
Word equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria and fungi?
Glucose - ethanol + carbon dioxide
What happens to the lactic acid produced during exercise as a result of anaerobic respiration?
Lactic acid has to be converted back to glucose in the liver - the glucose produced may then be broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water
What is anaerobic respiration known as in yeast cells?
Fermentation
What is the metabolism of an organism?
The sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the body
Example of three metabolic reactions?
-conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
-reactions of respiration
-reactions of photosynthesis
2 metabolic functions of the liver?
-detoxifying poisons - such as ethanol from acoholic drinks
-passing the breakdown products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys
What transports lactic acid?
Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver to be converted back to glucose
