B9.1 - B9.4 - Respiration✔️

Question 1

What is aerobic respiration?

Answer 1

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to produce energy from glucose

Question 2

What are the waste products of aerobic respiration?

Answer 2

carbon dioxide and water

Question 3

What type of reaction is aerobic respiration? And why?

Answer 3

Aerobic respiration is an exothermic reaction as it transfers more energy to the environment then the energy used to break the bonds

Question 4

Symbol equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 4

C6H12O6 + 6O2 - 6CO2 + 6H20

Question 5

Where does respiration take place - how is it adapted for this?

Answer 5

Mitochondria is the site of respiration and contain folded inner membrane that provides large surface area for enzymes involved

Question 6

What is respiration used for in animals?

Answer 6

• energy transferred to make muscles contract for movment
• the heart and stomach for digestion and movement of blood
• maintaining a constant internal body temperature

Question 7

What is respiration used for in plants?

Answer 7

-energy transferred to move mineral ions from the soil into root hair cells

-energy transferred to convert sugars and nitrates into amino acids which are built up into proteins

Question 8

Why do living cells need energy from respiration?

Answer 8

-building smaller molecules into larger ones to make new cell material

-breaking down larger molecules into smaller ones during digestion

Question 9

What are muscle tissues made of?

Answer 9

Protein fibres - that contract when energy is transferred - contains lots of mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration

Question 10

What is glycogen?

Answer 10

Glycogen is the stored form of glucose when it is not needed - can easily be converted back when needed eg during exercise

Question 11

What happens to your body during exercise?

Answer 11

-heart rate increases

-breathing increases

-glycogen converted back into glucose

Question 12

What is anaerobic respiration?

Answer 12

reaction which takes place without oxygen it is not as efficient because the glucose molecules are not broken down completely - lactic acid is also produced

Question 13

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in animals?

Answer 13

lactic acid

Question 14

What are the end products of anaerobic respiration in plants?

Answer 14

Ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 15

What is oxygen debt?

Answer 15

Caused by the build up of lactic acid in the muscles as a result of anaerobic respiration

Question 16

What are the results of an oxygen debt?

Answer 16

Muscles become fatigued and stop contracting efficiently

Question 17

Word equation for aerobic respiration?

Answer 17

Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water

Question 18

why does heart rate increase during exercise?

Answer 18

-heart rate increases - arteries dilate(widen) increases rate of supply of oxygen and glucose for respiration - carbon dioxide is removed faster

Question 19

Why does breathing rate increase during exercise?

Answer 19

-breathing increases - rate at which oxygen is brought in and picked up by red blood cells increases because aerobic respiration happens more

Question 20

What happens to glycogen when we exercise?

Answer 20

Glycogen stored in the muscles is converted back into glucose to supply the cells for cellular respiration

Question 21

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in humans?

Answer 21

Glucose - lactic acid

Question 22

Word equation for anaerobic respiration in bacteria and fungi?

Answer 22

Glucose - ethanol + carbon dioxide

Question 23

What happens to the lactic acid produced during exercise as a result of anaerobic respiration?

Answer 23

Lactic acid has to be converted back to glucose in the liver - the glucose produced may then be broken down to produce carbon dioxide and water

Question 24

What is anaerobic respiration known as in yeast cells?

Answer 24

Fermentation

Question 25

What is the metabolism of an organism?

Answer 25

The sum of all the reactions that take place in a cell or in the body

Question 26

Example of three metabolic reactions?

Answer 26

-conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
-reactions of respiration
-reactions of photosynthesis

Question 27

2 metabolic functions of the liver?

Answer 27

-detoxifying poisons - such as ethanol from acoholic drinks

-passing the breakdown products into the blood so they can be excreted in the urine via the kidneys

Question 28

What transports lactic acid?

Answer 28

Blood flowing through the muscles transports lactic acid to the liver to be converted back to glucose