B17.1 - B17.4 - Organising Of An Ecosystem✔️

Question 1

What are the produces of biomass for life on earth?

Answer 1

Photosynthetic organisms are the producers of biomass for life on earth

Question 2

What are food chains uses for?

Answer 2

Representing feeding relationships within a community - all food begins with a producer which synthesises molecules - usually green plant or algae which makes glucose by photosynthesis

Question 3

How is energy transfered throughout the food chain?

Answer 3

Animials at lower trophic levels are consumed by those at high trophhic level however only around 10% of this energy is transferred to the higher organism

Question 4

2 ways biomass is mostly lost?

Answer 4

• not all ingested material is absorbed, some is egested as faeces
• some absorbed material is lost as waste, such as carbon dioxide and water in respiration and water and urea in urine

Question 5

What are predators?

Answer 5

Consumers that eat other animials - in a stable community the number of predators and prey rise and fall in cycles

Question 6

What are decomposers?

Answer 6

A group of organisms that break down waste and dead animials and plants

Question 7

What is function of the water cycle?

Answer 7

The water cycle provides fresh water for plants and animals on land before draining into the seas. Water is continuously evaporated and precipitated.

Question 8

What is the function of the carbon cycle?

Answer 8

The carbon cycle returns carbon from organisms to the atmosphere as carbon dioxide to be used by plants in photosynthesis.

Question 9

How is carbon dioxide and minreals returned to the soil?

Answer 9

Decay of dead animials and plants by microorganisms which returns carbon dioxide and minreal ions to the soil

Question 10

Explain the water cycle at each step in depth?

Answer 10

1) water evaoprates constantly from the surface of the land,rivers and lakes
2)it condenses - as it rises into the cooler air and forms clouds
3)precipitated onto the surface as rain,snow or hail
4)water passes through bodies of animials and plants - realeased during respiration in their life

Question 11

Equation for combustion?

Answer 11

Fuel + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water

Question 12

Equation for respiration?

Answer 12

Glucose + oxygen - carbon dioxide + water

Question 13

How is water lost by animials and plants?

Answer 13

Through transpiration and respiration - loss of water vapour from plants and animials directly to the atmosphere

Question 14

What is the carbon cycle?

Answer 14

The constant cycling carbon

Question 15

How is carbon dioxide removed from the atmosphere by photosynthesis? What is the carbon used for?

Answer 15

Green plants an algae remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere for photosynthesis - use carbon from carbon dioxide to make carbohydrates,proteins and fats

Question 16

How is carbon dioxide returned to the atmosphere through respiration?

Answer 16

Oxygen is used to break down glucose to provide energy for cells - carbon dioxide and water are waste products - returning carbon dioxide to the atmosphere

Question 17

How does combustion return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere? Mention fossil fuels and wood?

Answer 17

Wood from trees contain lots of carbon locked into the molecules and fossil fuels contain lots of carbon and when these are burnt they release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere

Question 18

What are carbon sinks?

Answer 18

Stores where carbon is “locked up” like fossil fuels (for example coal,oil and gas)

Question 19

How can minreal ions from animals find there way into plants?

Answer 19

Decomposer (like maggost ans worms) break down dead animals, returning minreal ions (including nitrates) into the soil which are taken in by plants through the roots and used to make proteins and other chemicals in their cells

Question 20

Importance or decomposition?

Answer 20

Is vital for the recylcing of materials in an ecosystem, however certain factors can affect the rate of decay

Question 21

How does temperature affect decomposition?

Answer 21

Warmer temperatures increase the rate of chemical reactions and enzymes - too hot and the microrganims will die (enzymes will also denature) but if it is too cold the enzymes will work too slowly and the reaction will be slow

Question 22

How does moisture (water) affect rate of dedomposition?

Answer 22

Microrganims involved need water to carry out biological processes

Question 23

How does oxygen affect decomposistion?

Answer 23

Organims need oxygen to respire (needed for survival) - microrganims involved in anerobic respiration do not need oxygen

Question 24

What is compost?

Answer 24

Decomposed organic matter (eg food waste) that is used as a natural ferteliser for crops and garden plants

Question 25

Issues with biogas? And biogas generators?

Answer 25

-biogas generators have to be kept at a constant temperatures

-biogas can not be stored as a liquid so it has to be used straight away

Question 26

What is biogas?

Answer 26

Made up of methane which can be burned as fuel - lots of different microrganims are used to produce biogas (they decay anarobically) - which produces methane gas this happens in a simple fermenter called a digestor or generator - sewage waste can be used to produce biogas on a large scale