B9 Respiration Flashcards
what is the equation for aerobic respiration
glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water
C6H12O6 + 6CO2 –> 6CO2 + 6H2O
where in the cell does aerobic respiration take place
in the enzymes in the mitochondria
what role does the nucleus play in aerobic respiration
contains the genetic information for the enzymes involved in respiration
what happens in the cytoplasm
location for anaerobic respiration reactions
where the enzymes are made
how are mitochondria adapted for aerobic respiration
they have a folded inner membrane that provides a large surface area for the enzymes involves in aerobic respiration
what is respiration used for in plants
the energy made is transferred to move mineral ions eg nitrates from the soil into the root hair cells.
Also converts sugars, nitrates and other nutrients into amino acids which form proteins
what is an adaptation of muscle fibres
they contain lots of mitochondria to carry out aerobic respiration and transfer energy
what do muscles store and how is it used
they store glycogen (the stored version of glucose) which can be converted back to glucose quickly to use in aerobic respiration during exercise
what changes take place in the heart when muscular activity increases
heart rate increases and arteries dilate which increases flow of oxygenated blood to the muscles which provides more oxygen and glucose for the respiring muscle and increases the rate carbon dioxide is removed
why do we breathe faster and more deeply when exercising
to get oxygen to the red blood cells more quickly so it can be carried to the muscles and so carbon dioxide can be breathed out more quickly
what happens to glycogen when we start exercising
converted back to glucose to fuel aerobic respiration
when is anaerobic respiration used
when blood cannot supply oxygen to the muscles fast enough so only the energy from the breakdown of glucose is used
what is the end product of anaerobic respiration and why is it different to aerobic respiration
end product is lactic acid because glucose molecules are not broken down completely so less energy is transferred
why do you carry on breathing deeply and quickly after exercising
the lactic acid has to be broken down into carbon dioxide and water and to do this is needs oxygen
what is oxygen debt
the amount of oxygen needed to break down the lactic acid into carbon dioxide and water. The bigger the debt the longer you will be out of breath
what are the products of anaerobic respiration in plants and some microorganisms eg yeast
ethanol and carbon dioxide
what is fermentation and why is it important
it is the anaerobic respiration of yeast cells and is used to make bread and alcoholic drinks
what is metabolism of an organism
the sum of all the chemical reactions that take place
what are some common metbolic reactions (6)
conversion of glucose to starch, glycogen and cellulose
formation of lipid molecules from a molecule of glycerol and 3 fatty acid molecules
use of glucose and nitrate ions to form amino acids that are then used to make proteins
respiration and photosynthesis reactions
breakdown of excess proteins in the liver to form urea for excretion in the urine by the kidneys
what are some metabolic functions of the liver
detoxifying poisonous substances eg ethanol from alcoholic drinks
passing breakdown products into the blood so they can be excreted by the kidneys
breaking down old worn out blood cells so they can be stored as iron until needed to synthesise more blood cells
what role does the liver have in converting lactic acid into glucose
blood flowing through muscles transports lactic acid to the liver where it is converted back to glucose
