B11 Hormonal coordination Flashcards
what are the roles of the hormones released in the pituitary gland (4)
controls growth in children
stimulates thyroid gland to make thyroxine to control metabolism
stimulates ovaries to produce and release eggs and make oestrogen
stimulates testes to make sperm and testosterone
what is the role of thyroxine released in the thyroid
controls metabolic rate
what is the role of insulin released in the pancreas
controls blood glucose levels
how does the pituitary gland work
acts as a master gland and secretes different hormones into the blood in response to changes in body conditons
what is glucagon
a hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose
what is insulin
a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells where it is used
what happens when glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are full
the excess glucose gets stored as lipids. If this keeps happening you will eventually become obese
what is the difference between the roles of insulin and glucagon
insulin removes glucose from the blood into the cells to lower blood glucose levels and glucagon converts glycogen into glucose to be secreted into the blood when blood glucose levels are low
what is type 1 diabetes
when the pancreas does not make enough insulin so blood glucose levels are not controlled (too high). This is the genetic type
what are symptoms of type 1 diabetes
kidneys excrete glucose in the urine so you produce a lot of urine and feel thirsty a lot. Also glucose can’t get into the cells so you lack energy so the body breaks down fat and protein for energy causing weight loss
what is type 2 diabetes
the pancreas makes energy but not enough. Mainly though your body cells stop responding to the insulin that you make
what are problems with pancreatic transplants
limited success rates so far
lots more people with T1 diabetes than donors
receivers are swapping one medication (insulin) with another (immunosuppressants)
how can people adapt their lifestyle to help cure their T2 diabetes
balanced diet (controlled amount of carbs)
losing weight
regular exercise
what is FSH
follicle stimulating hormone- causes the eggs in the ovary to mature and the ovary to produce oestrogen
what is LH
lutenising hormone- stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation
what does oestrogen do
stimulate the build up of the uterus lining and the release of LH and inhibits FSH
what does progesterone do
produced by the empty follicle after ovulation. Maintains the lining of the uterus for about 10 days and inhibits FSH and LH
how does ivf work
FSH and LH are used to stimulate the maturation of eggs that are then collected, fertilised, allowed to start development and then replaced in the uterus
how do plants grow the right way up regardless of the way the seed falls
plant roots are sensitive to gravity so grow downwards and plant shoots are sensitive to light and gravity so they grow towards light and away from gravity
what is phototropism
the response of a plant to light
what is gravitropsim or geotropsim
the response of a plant to gravity
what is auxin
the plant hormone that controls plant responses
what are gibberellins
plant hormones that are important in initiating seed germination. They trigger the breakdown of the food stores in the seed at the start of germination. They also stimulate the growth of plant stems
why is auxin used as a weed killer
it naturally stimulates growth in plants. If you spray it into leaves it is absorbed and causes them to grow rapidly and uncontrollably, killing them
what is the process of taking a cutting
take a small piece of stem and place it in specially prepared compost or soil. New roots should form at the base of the stem to form a complete small plant. By dipping the end of the cutting into rooting powder, success chances are increased as it contains auxin
what are 3 uses of gibberellins
used in the brewing industry to speed up germination of barley seeds
used to promote flowering
used to increase size of fruit
what is ethene used for
to help ripening of fruit
