B11 Hormonal coordination

Question 1

what are the roles of the hormones released in the pituitary gland (4)

Answer 1

controls growth in children
stimulates thyroid gland to make thyroxine to control metabolism
stimulates ovaries to produce and release eggs and make oestrogen
stimulates testes to make sperm and testosterone

Question 2

what is the role of thyroxine released in the thyroid

Answer 2

controls metabolic rate

Question 3

what is the role of insulin released in the pancreas

Answer 3

controls blood glucose levels

Question 4

how does the pituitary gland work

Answer 4

acts as a master gland and secretes different hormones into the blood in response to changes in body conditons

Question 5

what is glucagon

Answer 5

a hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen into glucose

Question 6

what is insulin

Answer 6

a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows glucose to move from the blood into the cells where it is used

Question 7

what happens when glycogen stores in the liver and muscles are full

Answer 7

the excess glucose gets stored as lipids. If this keeps happening you will eventually become obese

Question 8

what is the difference between the roles of insulin and glucagon

Answer 8

insulin removes glucose from the blood into the cells to lower blood glucose levels and glucagon converts glycogen into glucose to be secreted into the blood when blood glucose levels are low

Question 9

what is type 1 diabetes

Answer 9

when the pancreas does not make enough insulin so blood glucose levels are not controlled (too high). This is the genetic type

Question 10

what are symptoms of type 1 diabetes

Answer 10

kidneys excrete glucose in the urine so you produce a lot of urine and feel thirsty a lot. Also glucose can’t get into the cells so you lack energy so the body breaks down fat and protein for energy causing weight loss

Question 11

what is type 2 diabetes

Answer 11

the pancreas makes energy but not enough. Mainly though your body cells stop responding to the insulin that you make

Question 12

what are problems with pancreatic transplants

Answer 12

limited success rates so far
lots more people with T1 diabetes than donors
receivers are swapping one medication (insulin) with another (immunosuppressants)

Question 13

how can people adapt their lifestyle to help cure their T2 diabetes

Answer 13

balanced diet (controlled amount of carbs)
losing weight
regular exercise

Question 14

what is FSH

Answer 14

follicle stimulating hormone- causes the eggs in the ovary to mature and the ovary to produce oestrogen

Question 15

what is LH

Answer 15

lutenising hormone- stimulates the release of the egg at ovulation

Question 16

what does oestrogen do

Answer 16

stimulate the build up of the uterus lining and the release of LH and inhibits FSH

Question 17

what does progesterone do

Answer 17

produced by the empty follicle after ovulation. Maintains the lining of the uterus for about 10 days and inhibits FSH and LH

Question 18

how does ivf work

Answer 18

FSH and LH are used to stimulate the maturation of eggs that are then collected, fertilised, allowed to start development and then replaced in the uterus

Question 19

how do plants grow the right way up regardless of the way the seed falls

Answer 19

plant roots are sensitive to gravity so grow downwards and plant shoots are sensitive to light and gravity so they grow towards light and away from gravity

Question 20

what is phototropism

Answer 20

the response of a plant to light

Question 21

what is gravitropsim or geotropsim

Answer 21

the response of a plant to gravity

Question 22

what is auxin

Answer 22

the plant hormone that controls plant responses

Question 23

what are gibberellins

Answer 23

plant hormones that are important in initiating seed germination. They trigger the breakdown of the food stores in the seed at the start of germination. They also stimulate the growth of plant stems

Question 24

why is auxin used as a weed killer

Answer 24

it naturally stimulates growth in plants. If you spray it into leaves it is absorbed and causes them to grow rapidly and uncontrollably, killing them

Question 25

what is the process of taking a cutting

Answer 25

take a small piece of stem and place it in specially prepared compost or soil. New roots should form at the base of the stem to form a complete small plant. By dipping the end of the cutting into rooting powder, success chances are increased as it contains auxin

Question 26

what are 3 uses of gibberellins

Answer 26

used in the brewing industry to speed up germination of barley seeds

used to promote flowering

used to increase size of fruit

Question 27

what is ethene used for

Answer 27

to help ripening of fruit