B7.020 Prework 2: Weakness

Question 1

-paresis

Answer 1

weakness

Question 2

-plegia

Answer 2

no movement

Question 3

palsy

Answer 3

imprecise term for weakness or no movement

Question 4

hemi-

Answer 4

one side of the body

Question 5

para-

Answer 5

both legs

Question 6

mono-

Answer 6

one limb

Question 7

quadri- or tetra-

Answer 7

all four limbs

Question 8

MRC scale

Answer 8

5 full strength
4 gravity + resistance
3 antigravity
2 joint movement (after taking gravity away)
1 visible contraction
0 no contraction

Question 9

UMN pattern of upper extremity weakness

Answer 9

elbow extension weaker than flexion
wrist extension weaker than flexion
shoulder abduction weaker than adduction

Question 10

UMN pattern of lower extremity weakness

Answer 10

hip abduction is weaker than adduction
knee flexion is weaker than extension
ankle dorsiflexion is weaker than plantarflexion
ankle eversion is weaker than inversion

Question 11

DTR changes with LMN lesions

Answer 11

decreased (anterior horn cell)

preserves (muscle, NMJ)

Question 12

DTR changes with UMN lesion

Answer 12

usually increased

can be decreased with acute lesions (cerebral or spinal cord shock)

Question 13

abnormal reflex patterns

Answer 13

side to side differences

spinal level differences

Question 14

Hoffman’s sign

Answer 14

1st and 2nd digit flexion after tapping the 3rd digit
commonly present in normal people (but should be bilateral)
meaningful if unilateral

Question 15

atrophy in LMN injury

Answer 15

denervation atrophy

severe

Question 16

atrophy in UMN injury

Answer 16

disuse atrophy
muscle is still innervated but no longer as active as usual
much lass severe than denervation atrophy

Question 17

what is muscle tone

Answer 17

resistance against passive movement

Question 18

spasticity

Answer 18

increased tone
velocity dependent
-more speed, more resistance
-different direction, more resistance

Question 19

rigidity

Answer 19

velocity independent increase in tone

Parkinson’s

Question 20

inability to relax

Answer 20

give and hold

Question 21

contracture

Answer 21

permanent shortening of a tendon/muscle complex usually from prolonged spasticity
not responsive to anti-spasticity treatments
sometimes require surgical intervention (Achilles lengthening)

Question 22

ashworth scale of tone

Answer 22

higher # = more spasticity