B7.012 Essentials of Cellular Neuropathology Flashcards
are there gross abnormalities of brain at time of autopsy?
usually not
sometimes if there is an obvious hemorrhage or huge infarct
can be slightly edematous
most vulnerable sections of the brain to hypoxia
hippocampus
cerebral cortex
cerebellum
when do you first see ischemic neurons?
after survival for several hours (4-6 at least)
lasts for 2 weeks
dark structure in the midbrain of the main cerebrum
substantia nigra
substance within substantia nigra
neuromelanin
important of neuromelanin
concentration increases in aging; suggesting a role in neuroprotection or senescence
can bind neurotoxic and toxic metals that could promote neurodegeneration (thus, when neuromelanin is decrease, can get damage)
what types of conditions cause decreased neuromelanin
parkinsons
do you see gross abnormalities in AD?
in about 50%
- enlargement of ventricles
- cortical atrophy
cells characteristic of AD
neurofibrillary tangles
granulovacuolar degeneration
white matter findings in patient with alcoholic steatohepatitis
Alzheimer type 2 cells
where are Gemistocytic astrocytes seen?
can be anywhere in brain white matter gray matter reactive brain lesions neoplastic brain lesions
what are hemangioblastomas made of
Rosenthal fibers: -GFAP -HSPs -ab-crystallin corkscrew like, pink structures from astrocytes
when do you see Rosenthal fibers
reactive
neoplastic
OR
genetic
relationship of epilepsy and corpora amylacea
may sometimes be seen, not pathognomonic
seen more in epileptics than in age matched controls
also seen with aging (brain sand)
what are halos of oligodendrocytes from
artefacts of formalin fixation
only seen on permanent sections
