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BMB Test 1 > B7.010 Prework: Autonomic Nervous System Basics > Flashcards

B7.010 Prework: Autonomic Nervous System Basics Flashcards

1
Q

sympathetic nervous system

A

thoracolumbar outputs

  • preganglionic fibers terminate in ganglia (paravertebral chains)
  • postganglionic sympathetic fibers innervate peripheral tissues
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2
Q

adrenal medulla

A

modified sympathetic ganglion

receives sympathetic preganglionic inputs and releases epi and NE into the blood

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3
Q

parasympathetic nervous system

A

craniosacral outputs

  • preganglionic fibers terminate in parasympathetic ganglia
  • postganglionic fibers originate in ganglia and innervate organs
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4
Q

enteric nervous system

A

walls of GI system
myenteric and submucous plexi
received preganglionic PNS and postganglionic SNS inputs

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5
Q

general function of the ANS

A

largely autonomous
-not under conscious control
concerned primarily with visceral functions
-CO, blood flow, digestion
afferent sensory inputs drive activity (baroreceptors)
output through reflex arcs of varying size and complexity

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6
Q

SNS components

A 
fight or flight
thoracolumbar
intermediolateral cell column
major ganglia (cervical / mesenteric)
adrenal medulla
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7
Q

PNS components

A 
rest and digest
craniosacral
cranial nerves:
III (oculomotor)
VII (facial)
IX (glossopharyngeal)
X (vagus)
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8
Q

ANS innervation of blood vessels

A

SNS only

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9
Q

ANS innervation of most organ systems

A

mixed autonomic tone

GI and GU more PNS

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10
Q

PNS nerve structure/ orientation

A

1:1 preganglionic: postganglionic nerves
more specific
long preganglionic and short postganglionic nerves
ganglia close to targets

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11
Q

SNS nerve structure/ orientation

A

1:10 preganglionic: postganglionic nerves
more diffuse
short preganglionic and longer postganglionic nerves

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12
Q

ANS receptor types

A

within ganglia of PNS and SNS, muscarinic receptors
postganglionic SNS mostly adrenergic, some dopamine (renal vascular) and muscarinic (sweat glands)
postganglionic PNS mostly muscarinic

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13
Q

central integration of ANS

A

midbrain and medulla
integration of information from sensory inputs and higher CNS influence
output by SNS, PNS, and endocrine system are integrated

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14
Q

PNS production of energy conservation

A

major underlying tone at most end organs (except vasculature)
slowing of the heart and stimulation of digestive activity

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15
Q

SNS recruitment in stress

A

brief discharges with functional outcomes
cardiac stimulation
increased blood glucose
cutaneous vasoconstriction

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16
Q

function of autonomic reflexes

A

control cardiovascular homeostasis
main variable is MAP
-if MAP is lowered, compensatory reactions are stimulated by the SNS (increased peripheral resistance, tachycardia)
-if MAP is raises, compensatory reactions are stimulated by the PNS (bradycardia, more limited than SNS)

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17
Q

where are ACh receptors

A

all preganglionic efferent autonomic fibers
somatic motor fibers to skeletal muscle
most PNS postganglionic and a few SNS postganglionic fibers

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18
Q

NANC neurons

A

use NO as a neurotransmitter

parasympathetic, postganglionic neurons

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19
Q

where are NE receptors

A

most postganglionic sympathetic fibers

a few sympathetic fibers release ACh

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20
Q

adrenal medullary cells

A

analogous to postganglionic sympathetic neurons

release a mixture of epi and NE

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21
Q

PNS effects on the eye

A

contraction of iris sphincter (miosis)
contraction of ciliary muscle (accommodation)
facilitates aqueous humor outflow

22
Q

PNS effects on cardiovascular system

A

reduce peripheral vascular resistance
direct effect is to slow heart rate
releases NO to relax smooth muscle

23
Q

PNS effects on respiratory system

A

contracts smooth muscle of bronchial tree
stimulates secretion of glands
exacerbates asthma

24
Q

PNS effects on GI tract

A

increases secretions (salivary, gastric, pancreatic, intestinal)
increases peristaltic activity
-contraction of longitudinal muscle
-relaxation of sphincters

25
Q

PNS effects on GU tract

A

contracts detrusor muscle
relaxes trigone and sphincter muscles
promotes voiding

26
Q

PNS effects on secretory glands

A

stimulation of thermoregulatory sweat glands

27
Q

production pathway of NE

A 
conversion of tyrosine to DOPA is rate limiting
-tyrosine hydroxylase
DOPA converted to dopamine
-DOPA carboxylase
dopamine converted to NE
-dopamine beta hydroxylase
release is calcium dependent
Uptake 1 transports catecholamines back into neuron (recycles)
28
Q

SNS effect on blood vessels

A

a receptors increase arterial resistance (pressure)
B2 receptors relax venous smooth muscle (capacitance)
-skin and splanchnic predominantly a, skeletal muscles more B2 (localization produces shift in blood flow from skin/gut to muscle if necessary)
renin secretion stimulated by B receptors > longer term control of MAP

29
Q

SNS effects on heart

A

B1 receptor activity dominates
-activation results in increased Ca2+ influx in cardiac cells (positive inotropy and chronotropy)
AV conduction velocity increased
refractory period decreased

30
Q

SNS effect on resp tract

A

relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle (B)

contraction of blood vessels (a) of upper resp mucosa can relieve nasal congestion

31
Q

SNS effect on GI tract

A

sphincter smooth muscle relaxation (B)
longitudinal cell contraction (a)
decreased PNS drive on enteric system

32
Q

SNS effect on GU tract

A

contraction of bladder base, urethral sphincter (a)
relaxation of bladder wall smooth muscle (B)
-promotes urinary retention

33
Q

SNS effect on exocrine glands

A

a receptors on apocrine (stress) glands
-driven by SNS activity
-sweating on palms, brow, upper lip
M receptors on thermoregulatory sweat glands
-driven by cholinergic SNS activity
-sweating on body surface for evaporative cooling

34
Q

SNS effects on the eye

A

contraction of radial pupillary dilator muscles (a)
-produces mydriasis
increase aqueous humor secretion from ciliary epithelium (B)

35
Q

metabolic effects of SNS

A 
shifts metabolism toward energy liberation and usage
increases lipolysis
enhances glycogenolysis
increases glucose release
increases insulin secretion
36
Q

dry mouth

A

reduced SNS/PNS excitatory innervation

37
Q

swallowing difficulty

A

reduced PNS mediated motility

38
Q

airway obstruction

A

PNS constriction due to loss of SNS dilation

39
Q

heart rate disturbances

A

SNS loss = brady

PNS loss = tachy

40
Q

gastric disturbances

A

SNS loss = hypermotility

PNS loss - hypomotility

41
Q

constipation

A

PNS loss

42
Q

fecal incontinence

A

SNS loss

43
Q

erectile dysfunction

A

PNS loss

44
Q

ejaculatory dysfunction

A

SNS loss

45
Q

urinary retention

A

PNS loss

46
Q

urinary incontinence

A

SNS loss

47
Q

pupil constriction

A

SNS loss

48
Q

pupil dilation

A

PNS loss

49
Q

loss of sweating

A

loss of SNS cholinergic

50
Q

orthostatic hypotension

A

inadequate SNS contraction of vasculature of lower extremities

BMB Test 1 (29 decks)

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