B7- Non-Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is a non-communicable disease?
A disease that cannot be passed from one person to the next.
How can non-communicable diseases be caused?
Genetics eg. Passed from your parents
Lifestyle eg. smoking
Factors in the environment eg. Radiation
What is a casual mechanism?
This is how one factor can influence another through a biological process. Eg. Smoking effects lung disease and lung cancer.
What are benign tumours?
Growths of abnormal cells in one place. These cells do not invade but grow very fast and can cause damage to an organ.
What is a malignant tumour?
These tumour cells spread around the body and affect healthy tissue. They can enter the bloodstream and be carried to different parts of the body and cause harm there. These divide faster and live longer.
What can cause cancer?
- Genetics
- Mutations
- Ionising radiation
- Viruses
How can you treat cancer?
Through radiotherapy which stops mitosis in cancer cells but this can damage healthy cells.
Through chemotherapy which is a chemical that stops cancer and makes them self destruct.
What happens after smoking?
Carbon monoxide from the tobacco takes up oxygen space in your blood. This leads to a shortage of oxygen.
The cilia stops working for a while letting pathogens and dirt in your lungs and cause infection.
The tar turns your lungs from pink to grey and makes smokers be more common to bronchitis.
The alveoli breaks down which causes chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
What happens to a foetus if the mother smokes while pregnant?
It would not get enough oxygen which could causes:
•Premature births
•Low birth weights
•Still births
What can being overweight cause?
Health problems such as diabetes and heart disease.
If you exercise regularly what do you have better of?
Fitter hearts and bigger lungs
What % of physical activity is needed for basic reactions to keep you alive?
15-30%
What does exercise give you?
- more muscular tissue increasing metabolic rate.
- less likely to get arthritis and high blood pressure.
- lowers cholesterol levels.
- reduces building up of fat on your coronary arteries.
What is alcohol and what affects does it have?
Alcohol is a poison that can be removed by the liver before harm. However it affects the nervous system which makes reactions slower. It can also lead to a coma or death.
How does alcohol harm?
By cirrhosis of the liver- destroys liver tissue
Liver cancer
Brain damage
