B3 Organisation and the digestive system

Question 1

What is tissue?

Answer 1

Tissue is a group of similar cells working together to do a particular function.

Question 2

Examples of tissues and what they do?

Answer 2

Muscular tissues- contract to move whatever its attached to.
Glandular tissue- makes and secretes chemicals like enzymes and hormones.
Epithelial tissue- covers some parts of the body

Question 3

What are organs?

Answer 3

A group of different tissues that work together to do a certain function

Question 4

What is an organ system?

Answer 4

A group of organs working together to do a particular function

Question 5

What organs work with each other to create the digestive system?

Answer 5

Glands- produce digestive juices
Stomach- digests the food
Liver- produces bile
Small intestine- absorbs soluble food molecules and digests food
Large intestine- absorbs water from undigested food leaving faeces

Question 6

What is carbohydrases?

Answer 6

They convert carbohydrates into simple sugars

Question 7

Example of a crabohydrase

Answer 7

Amylase that breaks down starch into simple sugars like maltose

Question 8

Where is amylase made?

Answer 8

The salivary glands
The pancreas
The small intestines

Question 9

What are proteases?

Answer 9

Convert proteins into amino acids

Question 10

Where are proteases found?

Answer 10

The stomach
The pancreas
The small intestine

Question 11

What are lipases?

Answer 11

Convert lipids into Glycerol and fatty acids

Question 12

Where are lipases found?

Answer 12

In the pancreas

In the small intestines

Question 13

What does bile do?

Answer 13

Neutralises the stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Question 14

Where is bile produced, stored and released?

Answer 14

Produced- liver
Stored- gall balder
Released- small intestine

Question 15

What do salivary glands do?

Answer 15

Produce amylase enzyme in the saliva

Question 16

What does the liver do?

Answer 16

Bile is produced here. Bile neutralises stomach acid and emulsifies fats

Question 17

What does the gall bladder do?

Answer 17

Bile is stored before it id released into the small intestines

Question 18

What does the large intestine do?

Answer 18

Excess water is absorbed from the food

Question 19

What does the stomach do?

Answer 19

It pummels the food with its muscular walls
Produces the protease enzyme called pepsin
It produces hydrochloric acid to kill bacteria and to give the correct pH for the protease enzyme to work

Question 20

What does the pancreas do?

Answer 20

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes. Releases these into the small intestine

Question 21

What does the small intestine do?

Answer 21

Produces protease, amylase and lipase enzymes

The digested food is absorbed out of the digestive system into the blood

Question 22

What does the rectum do?

Answer 22

The faeces are stored before it leaves through the anus

Question 23

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 23

Different amino acids in sequences to give different proteins.

Question 24

What is the function of protein?

Answer 24

Proteins are used in structural components of tissue such as muscle.
In hormones such as insulin.
Used in antibodies that destroy pathogens.
Proteins are used to build up the cells and tissues of your body.

Question 25

What are fats made up of?

Answer 25

Fatty acids in different combinations to get different liquid, oil or solid fats.

Question 26

Functions of fats

Answer 26

Gives the most energy efficient store in your body

If combined with other molecules they are important in your cell membrane as hormones and in your nervous system.

Question 27

What are carbohydrates made up of?

Answer 27

Some carbohydrates are made up of one sugar unit like glucose but others are made up of two sugar units joined together like sugar.

Long chains of simple sugars bonded together are called complex carbohydrates like starch.

Question 28

Functions of carbohydrates.

Answer 28

Carbohydrates give us the fuel that makes all the other reactions of life possible.
When broken down, they are used in cellular respiration to provide energy for metabolic reactions in your cells.

Question 29

What are enzymes?

Answer 29

They are special biological catalysts that speed up reactions. They interact with particular substrate.

Question 30

Where are enzymes formed?

Answer 30

I are formed in:
Salivary glands.
Glands in the lining of the stomach.
Glands in the pancreas.

Question 31

What is carboghydrases?

Answer 31

It is produced in salivary Glands, the pancreas, and the small intestines. They break down starch to form glucose or sugar molecules. This reaction takes place in the mouth and small intestine.

Question 32

What is protease?

Answer 32

It is produced by the stomach, small intestines and pancreas. It breaks down protein into amino acids. This reaction takes place in the stomach and the small intestine.

Question 33

What is lipase?

Answer 33

It is produced in the pancreas and small intestine. It breaks down lipids into glycerol and fatty acids. This chemical reaction takes place in the small intestine.

Question 34

What is the lock and key in enzymes?

Answer 34

It is a specific or complementary fit between the enzyme and the substrate.
The active site and substrate must fit into each other to work.
The substrate fits into the active site.
The substrate then splits due to the chemical reaction.

Question 35

What happens when temperature changes in enzyme reactions?

Answer 35

The substrate would no longer fit because the shape of the active site changes and the enzyme would become denatured. Due to this the catalysts don’t work properly and the rate of the reaction drops.

Question 36

What happens if your enzymes don’t work?

Answer 36

None of the reactions in your body would happen fast enough to keep you alive. This could overall result in death.

Question 37

What is the effect of pH on enzyme action?

Answer 37

A change in pH affects the forces holding the chains together. The shape of the active site is gone. A massive change in pH means that they would stop working completely and the rate of reaction would decrease.

Question 38

What does bile do?

Answer 38

It breaks down oil droplets from large to small so it is easier for lipase enzymes to break it down.