B5- Communicable Diseases

Question 1

What is health?

Answer 1

A state of physical and mental well-being. It is not just about an absence of disease.

Question 2

What is a communicable disease?

Answer 2

Diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria that can be passed on from one person to another.

Question 3

What is a pathogen?

Answer 3

A bacteria, virus, protist or fungi that infects animals and plants which cause a lot of diseases to people

Question 4

Types of pathogens:

Answer 4

Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protist

Question 5

What other things effect mental and physical health?

Answer 5

Diet, stress and life situations.

Question 6

How do bacteria and virus reproduce?

Answer 6

A bacteria produces toxins that make you feel ill and reproduce rapidly and virus reproduce inside your cells and cause damage.

Question 7

How can pathogens be spread?

Answer 7

Direct contact, water and air.

Question 8

How do you grow microorganisms?

Answer 8

You should give them a liquid or gel nutrients called a culture nature which contains carbs and minerals. Microorganisms also need warmth and oxygen.

Question 9

Why do you need to take car in growi g bacteria?

Answer 9

They may become mutated and produce new dangerous pathogens.

Question 10

How do you investigate the effect of disinfectants and antibiotics?

Answer 10

Putting antibacterial on an agar plate with bacteria and working out the cross sectional areas of the clear areas round the antibacterial.

Question 11

How can hygiene prevent diseases?

Answer 11

Washing your hands before cooking and after the toilet to get rid of spreading pathogens.
Using disinfectants to reduce the number of pathogens.
Keeping raw food away from food that can be eaten uncooked.
Coughing and sneezing in a tissue.

Question 12

How can isolating infected individuals prevent infection?

Answer 12

If they have a serious illness they need to be kept isolated so less people get contaminated and passed on with the disease.

Question 13

How does destroying or controlling vectors prevent diseases?

Answer 13

By destroying ir controlling the vectors the disease is less likely to be passed on.

Question 14

How can vaccinations prevent diseases?

Answer 14

If you have a vaccination for a type of disease your immune system would be ready if this pathogen attacks again.

Question 15

What is gonorrhoea?

Answer 15

It is a bacteria and an STI.
It has a yellow discharge from the penis or vagina with an itching sensation.
Can be treated by penicillin.
To prevent it people use antibiotics and contraception.

Question 16

What is HIV.

Answer 16

It is a virus and a STI.
Without treatment of antibacterial drugs the virus attacks the immune system.
Aids is then caused in later stages.
Has no cure at the moment.
Spread by blood, semen, vaginal fluids of breast milk.
Mirrors flu symptoms.

Question 17

What is salmonella?

Answer 17

Food poisoning
Causes abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Treat with antibiotics.

Question 18

What is tobacco mosaic disease?

Answer 18

It is a virus that causes distortion and blistering on leaves in a mosaic pattern.
Stunts growth due to lack of photosynthesis.
Transmitted by insects.
Yellowing on leaves.

Question 19

What is rose black spot disease?

Answer 19

A fungus that affects the leaves of rose plants.
Causes black spots and yellow discolouration.
Weakens plant.
Stops flowering.
Spread by wind and rain.
Treated by destroying affected plants.

Question 20

What is malaria?

Answer 20

A protist that is transmitted from mosquitos.
Infects the cells of liver.
Enters the bloodstream and then gets taken by the mosquitos again.
Moderate swelling, fever, headache.
Control it by spraying water with insecticides.

Question 21

What is measles?

Answer 21

A virus that can be a fever, cause blindness and brain damage.
Spread through breathing droplets.
Can be vaccinated

Question 22

How do hairs prevent pathogens from getting in your body?

Answer 22

They trap particles in the mucus they produce.

Question 23

How do scabs prevent pathogens from getting in your body?

Answer 23

Platelets form a clot that stops pathogens getting in the body.

Question 24

How does the stomach prevent pathogens from getting in your body?

Answer 24

Produces acid that destroys microorganisms in the mucus you swallow.

Question 25

How does skin prevent pathogens from getting in your body?

Answer 25

Prevents bacteria and virus’ from reaching the tissue beneath.

Question 26

How does the trachea and bronchi prevent pathogens from getting in your body?

Answer 26

Secrets mucus that traps pathogens covered in cilia that beats the mucus back up to the throat.

Question 27

How do white blood cells prevent pathogens from getting in your body?

Answer 27

Produce antibodies that target a particular bacteria and virus and destroy them.
Some ingest pathogens and destroy them.
Some produce antitoxins that counteract the toxins released.