B5- Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is health?
A state of physical and mental well-being. It is not just about an absence of disease.
What is a communicable disease?
Diseases caused by pathogens like bacteria that can be passed on from one person to another.
What is a pathogen?
A bacteria, virus, protist or fungi that infects animals and plants which cause a lot of diseases to people
Types of pathogens:
Bacteria
Virus
Fungi
Protist
What other things effect mental and physical health?
Diet, stress and life situations.
How do bacteria and virus reproduce?
A bacteria produces toxins that make you feel ill and reproduce rapidly and virus reproduce inside your cells and cause damage.
How can pathogens be spread?
Direct contact, water and air.
How do you grow microorganisms?
You should give them a liquid or gel nutrients called a culture nature which contains carbs and minerals. Microorganisms also need warmth and oxygen.
Why do you need to take car in growi g bacteria?
They may become mutated and produce new dangerous pathogens.
How do you investigate the effect of disinfectants and antibiotics?
Putting antibacterial on an agar plate with bacteria and working out the cross sectional areas of the clear areas round the antibacterial.
How can hygiene prevent diseases?
Washing your hands before cooking and after the toilet to get rid of spreading pathogens.
Using disinfectants to reduce the number of pathogens.
Keeping raw food away from food that can be eaten uncooked.
Coughing and sneezing in a tissue.
How can isolating infected individuals prevent infection?
If they have a serious illness they need to be kept isolated so less people get contaminated and passed on with the disease.
How does destroying or controlling vectors prevent diseases?
By destroying ir controlling the vectors the disease is less likely to be passed on.
How can vaccinations prevent diseases?
If you have a vaccination for a type of disease your immune system would be ready if this pathogen attacks again.
What is gonorrhoea?
It is a bacteria and an STI.
It has a yellow discharge from the penis or vagina with an itching sensation.
Can be treated by penicillin.
To prevent it people use antibiotics and contraception.
What is HIV.
It is a virus and a STI.
Without treatment of antibacterial drugs the virus attacks the immune system.
Aids is then caused in later stages.
Has no cure at the moment.
Spread by blood, semen, vaginal fluids of breast milk.
Mirrors flu symptoms.
What is salmonella?
Food poisoning
Causes abdominal cramps, vomiting and diarrhoea.
Treat with antibiotics.
What is tobacco mosaic disease?
It is a virus that causes distortion and blistering on leaves in a mosaic pattern.
Stunts growth due to lack of photosynthesis.
Transmitted by insects.
Yellowing on leaves.
What is rose black spot disease?
A fungus that affects the leaves of rose plants.
Causes black spots and yellow discolouration.
Weakens plant.
Stops flowering.
Spread by wind and rain.
Treated by destroying affected plants.
What is malaria?
A protist that is transmitted from mosquitos.
Infects the cells of liver.
Enters the bloodstream and then gets taken by the mosquitos again.
Moderate swelling, fever, headache.
Control it by spraying water with insecticides.
What is measles?
A virus that can be a fever, cause blindness and brain damage.
Spread through breathing droplets.
Can be vaccinated
How do hairs prevent pathogens from getting in your body?
They trap particles in the mucus they produce.
How do scabs prevent pathogens from getting in your body?
Platelets form a clot that stops pathogens getting in the body.
How does the stomach prevent pathogens from getting in your body?
Produces acid that destroys microorganisms in the mucus you swallow.
How does skin prevent pathogens from getting in your body?
Prevents bacteria and virus’ from reaching the tissue beneath.
How does the trachea and bronchi prevent pathogens from getting in your body?
Secrets mucus that traps pathogens covered in cilia that beats the mucus back up to the throat.
How do white blood cells prevent pathogens from getting in your body?
Produce antibodies that target a particular bacteria and virus and destroy them.
Some ingest pathogens and destroy them.
Some produce antitoxins that counteract the toxins released.
