B7

Question 1

What is habitat

Answer 1

The environment in which organisms live

Question 2

What is population

Answer 2

Total number of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area

Question 3

What is a community

Answer 3

The population of all of the different species that live in the same habitat

Question 4

What are living and non living parts of a environment called

Answer 4

-biotic - living
-abiotic - non living

Question 5

What is an ecosystem

Answer 5

Both the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment and how they interact

Question 6

What do plants compete for

Answer 6

-light and space
-water and mineral irons in the soil

Question 7

What do animals compete for

Answer 7

-food and water
-mating partners
-territory

Question 8

What is interdependence

Answer 8

All of the different species in a community depends on each other

Question 9

What is it called if in a community the populations of the different species remain fairly constant

Answer 9

Stable community

-populations of organisms are in balance w eachother and the abiotic recourses

Question 10

Where does the carbon cycle start

Answer 10

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

Question 11

How can carbon enter the carbon cycle

Answer 11

Photosynthesis

Question 12

How does carbon dioxide return back to the environment

Answer 12

Aerobic respiration

Question 13

What are the stages of the carbon cycle

Answer 13

-carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is taking up by photosynthesis of plants and algae
-some carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere through respiration of plants and algae
-plants and algae are eaten by animals then them animals can be eaten again
-carbon in the plants becomes part of the carbs,fats and proteins in the cells of animals
-animals released carbon dioxide through respiration and carbon through waste products and remains
-these are then broken down by decomposing microorganisms carrying out respiration back to the atmosphere

Question 14

Why are decomposers important

Answer 14

They cycle materials through an ecosystem

Return carbon back into atmosphere as carbon dioxide

Release mineral irons to soil

Question 15

What happens if decomposers cannot function effectively

Answer 15

Carbon in dead remains is converted to fossil fuels

Question 16

What are biotic factors that affect a community

Answer 16

-availability of food
-arrival of new predator
-competition between species
-new pathogens

Question 17

Abiotic factors that affect a community

Answer 17

-light intensity
-temperature
-water
-ph and mineral content in soil
-wind intensity and direction
-carbon dioxide and oxygen

Question 18

What are structural adaptations

Answer 18

Adaptations of body shape or body structure

Question 19

What are functional adaptations

Answer 19

Adaptations to the body functions of an organisms

Question 20

What are behavioural adaptations

Answer 20

Adaptations to the animals lifestyle or behaviour

Question 21

What are extremophiles

Answer 21

Organisms that are adapted to live in extremes conditions
-can live in high temp and pressure and concentration of salt

Question 22

What is biodiversity

Answer 22

The variety of the different species of organisms on earth

Question 23

What does a high level of biodiversity mean

Answer 23

Lots of differnt species
Making the ecosystem more stable

Question 24

How are humans negatively effecting biodiversity

Answer 24

Deforestation

Question 25

Why is deforestation occurring

Answer 25

-land for rice feilds or grazing cattle -grow crops to make biofuels

Question 26

How can we reduce the negative effects of humans on biodiversity

Answer 26

- breeding programmes for endangered species - protection and regeneration of rare habitat -field margins, hedgerows on farms -reduce deforestation,reduce CO2 emissions

Question 27

How can individuals reduce negative impacts on biodiversity

Answer 27

-Recycling waste materials

Question 28

How do scientists determine the number of organisms in an area

Answer 28

Sampling

Question 29

What are the two ways of sampling

Answer 29

-random sampling -sampling along a transect

Question 30

What is random sampling used for and how is it carried out

Answer 30

-sample plants or slow moving animals -using a quadrat -used to compare two different areas

Question 31

What is the equation to find total population size

Answer 31

Total population size = Total area/area sampled x number animals counted

Question 32

What is sampling along a transect used to find out

Answer 32

Whether the numbers of species change as we move across a habitats

Question 33

What is a transect

Answer 33

A line such as a tape measure or a peace of rope

Question 34

How do we carry out sampling on a transect

Answer 34

-place the transect so it runs across the habitat we are looking at -use a quadrat to count the number of organisms at intervals on the transect -repeat the transect a number of times to get a valid result

Question 35

what two kingdoms are organisms divided into

Answer 35

animal kingdom plant kindom

Question 36

what categories are the kingdoms divided into

Answer 36

kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species

Question 37

how can we remember the categories the kingdoms are divided into

Answer 37

king phillip came over for good soup

Question 38

how is every organisms named

Answer 38

from there genus and species

Question 39

what are archaea

Answer 39

-primitive bacteria -found in hot springs

Question 40

where does true bacteria live

Answer 40

the human digestive sytem

Question 41

what is eukaryotic bacteria

Answer 41

-animals plants and fungi -protists such as amoeba

Question 42

what are evolutionary trees and how are they made

Answer 42

-show how closely related organisms are -scientists use classification data eg dna -for extinct organisms they use fossils

Question 43

what does every food chain start with

Answer 43

a producer (usually green plant) synthesize complex molecules

Question 44

what are the organisms that each the producers

Answer 44

primary consumers

Question 45

what is a secondary consumer

Answer 45

an animal that eats a primary consumer

Question 46

what eats a secondary consumer

Answer 46

tertiary consumer

Question 47

the number of predator and prey rise in...

Answer 47

cycles -only true in a stable community

Question 48

what is the water cylcle

Answer 48

-air in oceans evaporate forming water vapour in air -water vapour in air condenses to form clouds -clouds precipitate forming rain and snow

Question 49

what do all forms of precipitation contain

Answer 49

fresh water

Question 50

what happens when the water in the water cycle hits the ground

Answer 50

-some evaporates back as water vapour -some water passes through rocks forming aquifers -alot of water forms river or streams

Question 51

how do living organisms(plants) play a role in water cycle

Answer 51

-plants take up water in the roots moving up the plant in the xylem -passes out of the leaves through stomata as water vapour

Question 52

how do living organisms(animals) play a role in water cycle

Answer 52

-animals take water in through drinking and food -release water in urine,feces and when they exhale

Question 53

5 processes of water cycle

Answer 53

-evaporation -condensation -precipitation -draining -transpiration

Question 54

how do micro organisms within the soil recycle carbon from the leaves so that carbon is used for new plant growth

Answer 54

-decay/decomposition of leaves -respiration by microorganisms -respiration releases carbon dioxide -carbon dioxide is used for photosythises