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biology > B7 > Flashcards

B7 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is habitat

A

The environment in which organisms live

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2
Q

What is population

A

Total number of organisms of the same species living in the same geographical area

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3
Q

What is a community

A

The population of all of the different species that live in the same habitat

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4
Q

What are living and non living parts of a environment called

A

-biotic - living
-abiotic - non living

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5
Q

What is an ecosystem

A

Both the biotic and abiotic parts of an environment and how they interact

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6
Q

What do plants compete for

A

-light and space
-water and mineral irons in the soil

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7
Q

What do animals compete for

A

-food and water
-mating partners
-territory

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8
Q

What is interdependence

A

All of the different species in a community depends on each other

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9
Q

What is it called if in a community the populations of the different species remain fairly constant

A

Stable community

-populations of organisms are in balance w eachother and the abiotic recourses

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10
Q

Where does the carbon cycle start

A

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere

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11
Q

How can carbon enter the carbon cycle

A

Photosynthesis

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12
Q

How does carbon dioxide return back to the environment

A

Aerobic respiration

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13
Q

What are the stages of the carbon cycle

A

-carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is taking up by photosynthesis of plants and algae
-some carbon dioxide is released back to the atmosphere through respiration of plants and algae
-plants and algae are eaten by animals then them animals can be eaten again
-carbon in the plants becomes part of the carbs,fats and proteins in the cells of animals
-animals released carbon dioxide through respiration and carbon through waste products and remains
-these are then broken down by decomposing microorganisms carrying out respiration back to the atmosphere

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14
Q

Why are decomposers important

A

They cycle materials through an ecosystem

Return carbon back into atmosphere as carbon dioxide

Release mineral irons to soil

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15
Q

What happens if decomposers cannot function effectively

A

Carbon in dead remains is converted to fossil fuels

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16
Q

What are biotic factors that affect a community

A

-availability of food
-arrival of new predator
-competition between species
-new pathogens

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17
Q

Abiotic factors that affect a community

A

-light intensity
-temperature
-water
-ph and mineral content in soil
-wind intensity and direction
-carbon dioxide and oxygen

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18
Q

What are structural adaptations

A

Adaptations of body shape or body structure

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19
Q

What are functional adaptations

A

Adaptations to the body functions of an organisms

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20
Q

What are behavioural adaptations

A

Adaptations to the animals lifestyle or behaviour

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21
Q

What are extremophiles

A

Organisms that are adapted to live in extremes conditions
-can live in high temp and pressure and concentration of salt

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22
Q

What is biodiversity

A

The variety of the different species of organisms on earth

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23
Q

What does a high level of biodiversity mean

A

Lots of differnt species
Making the ecosystem more stable

24
Q

How are humans negatively effecting biodiversity

A

Deforestation

25
Q

Why is deforestation occurring

A

-land for rice feilds or grazing cattle
-grow crops to make biofuels

26
Q

How can we reduce the negative effects of humans on biodiversity

A
  • breeding programmes for endangered species
  • protection and regeneration of rare habitat
    -field margins, hedgerows on farms
    -reduce deforestation,reduce CO2 emissions
27
Q

How can individuals reduce negative impacts on biodiversity

A

-Recycling waste materials

28
Q

How do scientists determine the number of organisms in an area

A

Sampling

29
Q

What are the two ways of sampling

A

-random sampling
-sampling along a transect

30
Q

What is random sampling used for and how is it carried out

A

-sample plants or slow moving animals
-using a quadrat
-used to compare two different areas

31
Q

What is the equation to find total population size

A

Total population size =
Total area/area sampled x
number animals counted

32
Q

What is sampling along a transect used to find out

A

Whether the numbers of species change as we move across a habitats

33
Q

What is a transect

A

A line such as a tape measure or a peace of rope

34
Q

How do we carry out sampling on a transect

A

-place the transect so it runs across the habitat we are looking at
-use a quadrat to count the number of organisms at intervals on the transect
-repeat the transect a number of times to get a valid result

35
Q

what two kingdoms are organisms divided into

A

animal kingdom
plant kindom

36
Q

what categories are the kingdoms divided into

A

kingdom,phylum,class,order,family,genus,species

37
Q

how can we remember the categories the kingdoms are divided into

A

king
phillip
came
over
for
good
soup

38
Q

how is every organisms named

A

from there genus and species

39
Q

what are archaea

A

-primitive bacteria
-found in hot springs

40
Q

where does true bacteria live

A

the human digestive sytem

41
Q

what is eukaryotic bacteria

A

-animals plants and fungi
-protists such as amoeba

42
Q

what are evolutionary trees and how are they made

A

-show how closely related organisms are
-scientists use classification data eg dna
-for extinct organisms they use fossils

43
Q

what does every food chain start with

A

a producer (usually green plant)
synthesize complex molecules

44
Q

what are the organisms that each the producers

A

primary consumers

45
Q

what is a secondary consumer

A

an animal that eats a primary consumer

46
Q

what eats a secondary consumer

A

tertiary consumer

47
Q

the number of predator and prey rise in…

A

cycles

-only true in a stable community

48
Q

what is the water cylcle

A

-air in oceans evaporate forming water vapour in air
-water vapour in air condenses to form clouds
-clouds precipitate forming rain and snow

49
Q

what do all forms of precipitation contain

A

fresh water

50
Q

what happens when the water in the water cycle hits the ground

A

-some evaporates back as water vapour
-some water passes through rocks forming aquifers
-alot of water forms river or streams

51
Q

how do living organisms(plants) play a role in water cycle

A

-plants take up water in the roots moving up the plant in the xylem
-passes out of the leaves through stomata as water vapour

52
Q

how do living organisms(animals) play a role in water cycle

A

-animals take water in through drinking and food
-release water in urine,feces and when they exhale

53
Q

5 processes of water cycle

A

-evaporation
-condensation
-precipitation
-draining
-transpiration

54
Q

how do micro organisms within the soil recycle carbon from the leaves so that carbon is used for new plant growth

A

-decay/decomposition of leaves
-respiration by microorganisms
-respiration releases carbon dioxide
-carbon dioxide is used for photosythises

55
Q
A

biology (10 decks)

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