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biology > B4 > Flashcards

B4 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

The reaction the plants use to trap light energy

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2
Q

What type of reaction is photosynthesis?

A

Endothermic takes in energy

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3
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

A chemical, which could absorb light energy

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4
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

-
Carbon dioxide + water -(light chlorophyll)> glucose + oxygen

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5
Q

What is the formula for glucose?

A

C(6)H(12)O(6)

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6
Q

What happens to photosynthesis if we increase light intensity

A

The rate of photosynthesis increases, this proves that the light intensity was limiting

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7
Q

What happens to photosynthesis if we increase carbon dioxide intensity?

A

The rate of reaction increases

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8
Q

What four factors change the rate of photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide levels
chlorophyll in leaf,
light intensity
temperature

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9
Q

What is the word equation for aerobic respiration?

A

Glucose + oxygen -> carbon dioxide + water

Energy is released

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10
Q

Why does aerobic respiration release a lot of energy?

A

Glucose has been fully oxidised

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11
Q

When does aerobic respiration occur?

A

When oxygen is pressent

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12
Q

What is the respiration where there is not enough oxygen

A

Anaerobic respiration

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13
Q

What is formed during anaerobic respiration in the muscles?

A

Glucose -> lactic acid

Energy is released

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14
Q

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

A

-Aerobic requires oxygen whilst anaerobic does not
-Aerobic respiration produces a lot more energy

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15
Q

What are the uses of glucose produced in photosynthesis?

A

-Respiration
-to produce the insoluble sugar molecules,starch
-give the cell Celulose to strengthen the wall
-produce amino acids

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16
Q

Why do humans need energy?

A

Movement
keep warm
build larger molecules

17
Q

What happens to the body during exercise?

A

Breathing rate and breathing volume increased to provide extra oxygen
Heart rate increases to pump more oxygenated blood in the body

18
Q

What happens if not enough oxygen can Be supplied to the muscles during exercise ?

A

Anaerobic respiration takes place in the muscles

19
Q

What does lactic acid do in the body?

A

-During long periods of vigourous activity, the lactic acid causes muscle fatigue
-Causes the muscles to stop contracting efficiently

20
Q

What is oxygen debt?

A

The amount of extra oxygen, the body needs after exercise to deal with the accumulated lactic acid

21
Q

why is yeast used in baking and brewing?

A

-produces carbon dioxide
-produces ethanol
-carbon dioxide makes bread rise
-carbon dioxide makes beer/cider fizzy

21
Q

what chamber of the heart pumps blood to the body

A

Left ventricle

22
Q

what blood vessel carries blood towards the heart muscle

A

coronary artery

23
Q

compare anaerobic respiration in animal and plant cells

A

-muscle cells produce lactic acid whilst plant cells produce ethanol
-both release little energy
-both occur without energy
-muscle cells do not produce carbon dioxide whilst plant cells do

24
Q

describe how the balance between mass of food eaten and amount of exercise a person does controls body mass

A

-increased energy intake if more food eaten
-if exercise more, more energy is transferred
-if more energy is taken in then transferred body mass increases

25
Q

explain the changes that happen in the body during and after vigorous exercise

A

during
-increased breathing rate
-to take in more oxygen for aerobic respiration and the release of carbon dioxide
-increased heart rate for increased blood flow to muscles

after
-heart rate remains high to deal with accumulated lactic acid
-body is in oxygen debt so breathing rate remains high until lactic acid is oxidised, breathing rate then returns to normal

26
Q

explain photosynthesis of a tree at bright light

A

-rate of photosynthesis is high due to high light intensity, extra carbon dioxide is absorbed from the air and more oxygen is released

27
Q

what enzyme breaks down starch

A

amylase

28
Q

what enzyme breaks down protein

A

protease

29
Q

what enzyme breaks down lipids

A

lipase

30
Q

where are the most food molecules absorbed

A

small intestine

biology (10 decks)

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