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biology > B5 > Flashcards

B5 Flashcards

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1
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Regulation of internal conditions to maintain optimum conditions

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2
Q

What does homeostasis control?

A

Blood glucose levels, water levels and body temperature

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3
Q

What do receptor cells do?

A

Detect changes in the environment (stimulus)

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4
Q

What does the coordination centre do?

A

-process the information from the receptor cell
-Sends instructions to the effector

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5
Q

What are effecters and what do they do?

A

Muscles/glands that carries out a response

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6
Q

What do glands do?

A

Release hormones into the body

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7
Q

What monitors blood glucose levels?

A

Pancreas

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8
Q

What does insulin do?

A

Triggers body cells to take up glucose

Triggers liver and muscle cells to store excess glucose as Glycogen

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9
Q

What is diabetes?

A

When Someone’s blood, glucose control doesn’t work effectively

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10
Q

What happens in type one diabetes?

A

-Pancreas does not produce enough insulin
-Blood glucose is high

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11
Q

What happens in type two diabetes?

A

Body cells don’t respond to insulin
Blood glucose is high

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12
Q

How is type one diabetes treated?

A

-Monitoring of blood glucose levels
-Insulin shots

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13
Q

How is type two diabetes treated

A

-Diet containing controlled levels of carbohydrates, Prevents blood glucose getting too high
-Exercise

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14
Q

What is a risk factor of type two diabetes?

A

Obesity

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15
Q

What does the pancreas release if blood glucose levels are too low?

A

Glucagon

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16
Q

What does glucagon do?

A

-Triggers liver cells to convert glycogen stores back into glucose
-Returns blood glucose to normal

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17
Q

When is insulin produced?

A

When the blood glucose level is too high

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18
Q

What is the reflex arc?

A

Stimulus, receptor, sensory neuron (synapse), relay neuron (synapse),motor neuron,effector

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19
Q

Reflexes are automatic and rapid how is this beneficial to us

A

Protect us from danger

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20
Q

What is the CNS made from?

A

Brain, spinal cord

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21
Q

What is the Endocrine system?

A

How the body is controlled by hormones

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22
Q

What makes up the Endocrine system

A

A number of glands that secrete hormones into the bloodstream targeting specific target organs

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23
Q

What are the difference between the nervous and endocrine system?

A

-Nervous system uses electrical impulses
-Endocrine system uses hormones
-Endocrine produces a much slower affect and long-lasting effect

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24
Q

What are the key glands in the endocrine system?

A

Pancreas, ovaries, and testes, thyroid gland, adrenal glands, pituitary gland

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25
Q

What are the hormones released in the ovaries and testes involved in?

A

Puberty and reproduction

26
Q

What are the hormones released in the thyroid gland involved in?

A

Growth, regulate

27
Q

What hormone does the adrenal gland produce?

A

Adrenaline

28
Q

What does the pituitary gland do?

A

Release a number of different hormones into the blood based on conditions
-Acts on other glands

29
Q

What hormones does the ovaries produce?

A

Oestrogen

30
Q

What hormones do the testes produce?

A

Testosterone

31
Q

How does the uterus prepare for Ovulation?

A

Becomes thick and spongy

32
Q

How long is the menstrual cycle?

A

28 days

33
Q

What does the follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) do?

A

Causes an egg to mature in ovary

34
Q

What does the Luteinising hormone (LH) do?

A

Causes an egg to be released (ovulation)

35
Q

What does oestrogen and progesterone do?

A

Maintain uterus lining, Incase egg in fertalised and implants

36
Q

What does FSH trigger the ovaries to produce?

A

Oestrogen

37
Q

What does the release of oestrogen stop?

A

-The release of any more FSH
-Instead, the pituitary gland releases LH

38
Q

What hormone is produced when the ovaries release its egg?

A

Progesterone

39
Q

What two hormones does progesterone stop the release of in the menstrual cycle?

A

LH and FSH

40
Q

What are the two types of fertility treatment?

A

Giving women the fertility drug (FSH,LH)
In vitro fertilisation (IVF)

41
Q

What happens during IVF?

A

Mother is giving fertility drug
Eggs are collected
Sperm from father is used to fertilise egg
Eggs develop into embryos
Embryos are inserted into my with uterus

42
Q

What are the benefits of IVF?

A

Gives women a chance to have a baby of their own

43
Q

What are the problems of IVF?

A

Success rates are not very high
Emotionally, stressful
Physically demanding on the mother
Can lead to multiple births
Some embryos are destroyed, which could be seen as unethical
Expensive

44
Q

Does the pill do as a method of contraception?

A

Stop the body from producing FSH

45
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of the pill

A

Highly successful (advantage)
Has to be taken daily and side-effects (disadvantage)

46
Q

What contraception methods contain progesterone

A

Implant(lasts 3y)
Skin patch(lasts 13w)
Injection(lasts 1w)

47
Q

What are two barrier methods of contraception?

A

Condom,fenidom(diaphram)

48
Q

What advantages of barrier contraception?

A

Do not have side-effects and reduce risk of STI?

49
Q

What are disadvantages of condoms?

A

Break or slip off

50
Q

What do spermicides do?

A

Kill or disable sperm

51
Q

What does an IUD do?

A

Stops, embryo from implanting

52
Q

What are the benefits of IUD?

A

Highly effective,prevent pregnancy for 10y,very few side effects

53
Q

What does sterilisation do in Man and woman?

A

Men - stop sperm from leaving penis
Woman - prevent sperm meeting egg

54
Q

what is the hormonal control between pancreas and blood glucose control

A

negative feedback loop

55
Q

how do FSH and LH help a women become pregnant

A

-FSH causes egg to mature in ovary#
-Lh causes ovulation
-more eggs are present,higher chance of pregnancy

56
Q

advantages of asexual reproduction

A

-off spring will be genetically identical
-off spring will inherit desired traits
-faster then sexual reproduction
-produces more off spring at one time
-uses less energy

57
Q

advantages of sexual reproduction

A

-offspring are genetically different
-undergo natural selection, more likely to adapt and survive

58
Q

what does bacteria do to organic matter

A

-bacteria break down organic matter through digestion

59
Q

bacteria are living organisms this means they

A

aerobically respire

60
Q

compare how information is transferred between a synapse and how its transferred in a neuron

A

-neuron, it is transferred as electrical impulses
-synapse, it is transferred as diffusion

61
Q

How do hormones interact in the mebtrak cycle

A

-FSH from the pituitary gland and stimulates oestrogen from the ovary’s
-oestrogen triggers the pituitary gland to stop releasing FSH and instead release LH
-progesterone is then secreted from the ovaries
-progesterone inhibits both FSH and LH
-progesterone falls if pregnancy does not occur and the uterus lining breaks downs and is released as menstrual blood

biology (10 decks)

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