B3 Flashcards
What is a communicable disease?
A disease that can be spread from person to person for example measles
How are communicable diseases spread?
Communicable Diseases are spread by pathogens, such as bacteria or viruses
What is a noncommunicable disease?
Noncommunicable diseases cannot be passed from person to person for example coronary heart disease
What is the definition for health?
Health is defined as the state of physical and mental well-being
What are pathogens?
Pathogens or microorganisms that cause infectious disease
How are pathogen spread?
Pathogens are spread in the air,water and direct contact
What do anti biotics do?
Antibiotics, kill infected bacteria inside the human body without harming body cells
What is phagocytosis?
The white blood cell detect chemicals released from the pathogen and are moves towards it
The white blood cell then ingests pathogens
The white blood cell uses enzymes to destroy pathogens
What are antibodies?
Antibodies are protein molecules produced by white blood cells
Antibodies are also extremely specific
What do antibodies do?
Antibodies stick to the pathogens and trigger the pathogen to be destroyed
what is the job on the non specific defence system
to stop pathogens from entering the blood stream
what happens in the immune sytem when skin in damaged
pathogen can enter the skin
how do bacteria cause disease
once inside the body they divide rapidly by binary fusion, they kill cells
how do viruses cause disease
they invade and reproduce in living body cells,damaging the cells
how does skin prevent pathogens from entering the body
-acts as a physical barrier
-scab formation
how does the repiratory system prevent pathogens entering the body
-nose,nose hairs and mucus trap pathogens
-trachea and bronchi have mucus that trap pathogens
how do antitoxins protuct us from disease
bind to toxins released by pathogens and neutralise them
what is a vaccination
-contain dead or inactivated form of pathogens,which stimulates white blood cells to produce complimentary antibodies
what are advantages of vaccination
-eradicated many deadly diseases
-many epidemics can be prevented by vaccinations
disadvantages of vaccinations
-may not work
-side effects
what drugs are used to kill bacterial diseases and how do they work
antibiotics, kill pathogens without harming body cells
what is antibiotic resistance
when mutations lead to pathogens being resistant to antibiotics,these pathogens are able to reproduce
what factors are tested when testing a new drug
-efficacy
-toxicity
-dose
what are monoclonal antibodies
-antibodies that are clones from one type of plant cell
-specific to one type of antigen
