b6.3.14 smoking and alcohol Flashcards
what are the 4 chemicals tobacco smoke contains
tar
nicotine
carbon monoxide
particulates
tar
it collects in the lungs and can cause cancer. It is the result of cell changes that lead to uncontrolled growth and division.
Nicotine
It is an addictive drugs that affects the nervous system. It makes the heart beat faster and it narrows the blood vessels
Carbon monoxide
it attaches itself to the haemoglobin in the red blood cells. It stops that RBC from carrying oxygen, so the heart has to work even harder to transport oxygen around
Particulates
white blood cells engulf small pieces of solid. An enzyme is released, which weakens the walls of the alveoli. So then, they don’t inflate properly when a person breathes, causing there to be less oxygen.
What does alcohol contain
Ethanol
It affects the nervous system
What is a depressant
it slows down the body’s reactions and changes the behaviour. It acts on the neurotransmission at the synapse.
what is a drug
an addictive chemical substance that causes a change in physiological behaviour
what is a stimulant
increases reaction rates by increasing transmission and acts at the synapse
short term effects of drinking alcohol
hallucination slurred speech slower reaction rate ( time is increased for the chemicals to jump over synapses) lost of balance feeling dizzy
long term effects of drinking alcohol
stomach ulcers heart disease lung disease (because the liver stores glycogen, they can gain weight) depression weight loss
cirrohsis
scars tissues on the surface and stops stem cells from regenerating
how can you treat liver disease
a transplant but it is expensive hard to find a compatible liver chances of rejection by the body sepsis (blood infection)
short term effects of smoking
coughing red blood cells carry more CO2 or CO passing concentrated urine (because the liver is damaged) wheezing bad breath
why do smokers wheeze
the cilia (little hairs) that move mucus to the back of your throat become paralysed
