B6.2-4 Antibiotics And Painkillers, Discovering And Developing Drugs Flashcards
What do antibiotics do ?
Kill bacterial pathogens
What do painkillers do ?
Reduces pain
What does Aspirin treat and what’s it’s source ?
Treats
Shut inflammatory and pain reliving
Source
Compound found in the barn of trees (willow trees to be specific)
What does digitalis treat and what is it’s source ?
Treats
- Helps to strengthen the heart beat commonly used for people with heart problems
Source
- Foxgloves (plant)
What does penicillin treat and what is it’s source?
Treats
Bacterial pathogens - kills the bacteria
Source
Penecillin mould
What do paracetamol and aspirin do ?
Will they have an effect on a virus ?
Useful for a cold and reliving headache but have no affect on virus’s
Help ease the symptoms but will not cure you any faster
What are the three things drugs must be tested for ?
Efficacy: is it effective/ does it work?
Toxicity: is it safe to use ?
Dosage: amount of drug to take
What are the two stages of trails ? Given a description for both stage and what it tests for.
Pre clinical trails ‘non human ‘
Testing on human cells and tissues- testing for efficacy
Animal testing- toxicity and efficacy
Clinical trails ‘human’
Healthy volunteers- dosage, toxicity
Unhealthy volunteers- dosage and toxicity
What are the two techniques used by doctors in clinical trials ?
Placebo: does not contain the drug( fake drug to compare)
Double blind trails
Neither doctor or patient knows if they have received the real drug or placebo drug
Describe the discovery of penicillin ? Who discovered it, when and who manufactured it ?
Who: Alexander Fleming
When: Early 20th century
Saw his cultural plates had mould on them ‘penicillin’
He tried to replicate for a while but stopped
Later
Ernst chain and Howard Flores managed to get a small bit
Proved it worked on a patient (suffering with blood infection)
Got in mass produced around WW2 in the US
