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Health and Social Care Unit one > B6 - Major life events that affect development > Flashcards

B6 - Major life events that affect development Flashcards

1
Q

Define Predictable Life Events

A

Predictable life events are events that are likely to happen to most people, such as starting school or work. Predictable life events can also be anticipated and prepared for.

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2
Q

Define Unpredictable Life Events

A

Unpreditable life events are events that are not expected such as an accident or serious illness. They happen with little or no warning so cannot be prepared for.

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3
Q

Name Predictable Life events

A
  • starting school/nursery
  • beginning and changing employment
  • leaving home/care
  • leaving prison
  • marriage
  • parenthood
  • retirement
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4
Q

Name Unpredictable Life events

A
  • birth of a sibling
  • redundancy
  • illness and serious injury
  • divorce
  • bereavement
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5
Q

Positive learning from starting school/nursery

A
  • learning to make friends and cope with change
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6
Q

Risks of stress from starting school/nursery

A
  • Feeling unsafe - withdrawing from others.
  • Loss of support from parents.
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7
Q

Positive learning from beginning and changing employment

A
  • Choosing a work role and having an income from employment.
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8
Q

Risks of stress from beginning and changing employment

A
  • Feeling pressured by new demands on time and mental energy.
  • Finding difficulty in adapting.
  • Loss of past lifestyle.
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9
Q

Positive learning from leaving home/care

A
  • Achieving independence - controlling personal environment.
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10
Q

Risks of stress from leaving home/leaving care

A
  • Feeling unable to cope in a new situation. Feeling pressured by all the new tasks.
  • Loss of family/care support.
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11
Q

Positive learning from leaving prison.

A
  • Coping with freedom and choice.
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12
Q

Risks of stress from leaving prison.

A
  • Loss of routine.
  • Loss of structured environment.
  • Possible lack of support with finding an income and housing.
  • Coping with possible discrimination.
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13
Q

Positive learning from Marriage.

A
  • Making emotional attachments and experiencing intimacy.
  • Seen as successful and happy and improves self image.
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14
Q

Risks of stress from marriage.

A
  • Feeling threatened by intimacy and sharing possessions.
  • Possible loss of independence.
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15
Q

Positive learning from Parenthood.

A
  • Attachment to infant.
  • Learning parenting skills.
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16
Q

Risk of stress from parenthood.

A
  • Disruption of previous lifestyle.
  • Loss of free time.
  • New demands on time and energy.
  • Feeling tired due to loss of sleep.
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17
Q

Positive learning from retirement.

A
  • Controlling own life - disengaging from work.
18
Q

Risks of stress from retirement.

A
  • Loss of previous work roles
  • Loss of contact with work colleagues.
  • Difficulty establishing a new lifestyle
19
Q

Positive learning from the birth of a sibling

A
  • Learning to make new emotional attachments.
20
Q

Risk of stress from the birth of a new sibling.

A
  • Jealousy and rivalry - emotional tension because role within the family has changed.
  • Older child/children may lose attention from parents.
21
Q

Positive learning from redundancy.

A
  • Learning to adapt and changes in income and lifestyle.
22
Q

Risk of stress from redundancy.

A
  • Refusal to accept change.
  • Anger or depression.
  • Failure to cope with loss of income and lifestyle.
23
Q

Positive learning from illness and serious injury

A
  • Learning to adapt to physical change.
24
Q

Risk of stress from illness and serious injury.

A
  • Grief at the loss of good health.
  • Anger or depression.
  • Failure to adapt to disability.
25
Q

Positive learning from divorce.

A
  • Learning to cope with a new lifestyle.
26
Q

Risk of stress from divorce.

A
  • Resentment or depression.
  • Grief at the loss of the relationship.
  • Failure to adapt to a new lifestyle.
  • Possible financial hardship.
27
Q

Positive learning from bereavement.

A
  • Learning to cope with loss
  • New lifestyle
28
Q

Risk of stress from bereavement.

A
  • Grief at the loss of the relationship
  • Failure to adapt to an unwanted lifestyle.
29
Q

What is stress?

A
  • It is an automatic response to dealing with challenging situations/life events.
  • It raises heart rate, increases, blood pressure, boosts energy, and prepares people to deal with the problem. This is known as the ‘fight’ or ‘flight’ mechanism.
  • Stress may interfere with day-to-day life and become a serious psychological and physical problem - making them unwell.
30
Q

What did Richard Lazarus say about stress?

A

He said that ‘stress is experienced when a person perceives that the demands exceed the personal and social resources the individual is able to mobilise’.

Also said that the effects of stress depend on:
- how vulnerable and threatened they feel
- focus on stress and stressful events in contemporary society

Examples of this are:
- being overloaded with college work.
- constant demands via social media
- the breakup of a relationship
- death of a loved one

Stress can be short term - a positive motivational force.

31
Q

Short term impacts of stress

A
  • raises heart rate
  • increases blood pressure
  • boosts energy
  • loss of sleep
  • impaired judgement
  • prepares the body for fight or flight
32
Q

Long term impacts of stress on the immune system

A
  • susceptibility to infections and colds
33
Q

Long term impacts of stress on the cardiovascular system.

A
  • high blood pressure
  • heart attacks
  • sudden death
34
Q

Long term impacts of stress on the respiratory system

A
  • breathlessness
  • asthma
35
Q

Long term impacts of stress on the digestive system

A
  • loss of appetite
  • gastric ulcers
  • duodenal ulcers
  • irritable bowel syndrome
36
Q

How might people deal with stress?

A
  • lack of motivation and shut down.
  • over/under eating
  • smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol
  • people may have anxiety attacks which cause shortness of breath, a need for physical space, trembling and crying
37
Q

Long term impacts of stress on the musculoskeletal system.

A
  • tension headaches
  • taut muscles
  • muscular twitches
38
Q

Long term impacts of stress on the endocrine system

A
  • diabetes
  • loss of sex drive
  • absence of menstruation
39
Q

What is the Holmes Rahe scale?

A
  • In 1967, Thomas Holmes and Richard Rahe examined the medical records of over 5,000 medical patients as a way to determine whether stressful events might cause illness.
  • Patients were asked to tally a list of 43 life events base on a relative score.
  • Positive correlation was found between their life events and illnesses.
  • Results were then published under the social readjustment rating scale.
40
Q

What were the criticisms of the Holmes-Rahe SRRS?

A
  • Majority of research conducted was only tested on males.
  • This may not be suitable to women.
  • Outdated and only relevant to society in 1967 and this cannot be applied to today’s society.
  • The SRRS fails to consider that some individuals may find aspects more or less stressful than others.
  • The scale assumes life events are the same for everyone.
  • However, a change of employment may be more stressful for some than others.

Health and Social Care Unit one (13 decks)

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