B4 - Social factors that affect development Flashcards
Define Family.
Family is described as a social group of people, often related genetically, by marriage or by living together as a group.
Name the different types of family
- Nuclear
- Single parent
- Extended
- Blended
Define a Nuclear family.
In a nuclear family, there are parents and biological children.
Define a single parent family.
In a single parent family, there is one parent and children.
Define an Extended Family
An extended family is when you’re also living with grandparents, aunts and uncles.
Define a blended family.
This is when it’s step and adopted families.
How can being part of a family group help you develop in a number of ways?
- Forming emotional relationships and attachments.
- First experiences of social interaction.
- Influences for behaviour.
- Meeting physical needs = protection, food, shelter and warmth.
- Supporting each other emotionally.
- Protecting family members from stress.
- Helping each other financially or practically.
Define a dysfunctional family
A dysfunctional family is a family that is not providing all of the support and benefits associated with being in a family.
What are some factors that could cause a dysfunctional family?
- Stress - mental health issues, poor housing and low income.
- Poor parenting skills
- Controlling, aggressive and manipulative family members.
- Neglecting children.
- Parents inconsistent in teaching children how to behave in society.
Name some impacts of divorce on the child/adolescent’s body.
- Risk taking behaviours.
- Lack of trust in relationships.
- Resentment
- Self-harming
- Poverty
- Easily pressured
- Depression
- Underachievement at school
- Reliance on friends
- Self blame
- Envy parents
- Jealous of new siblings
- Moodiness
- A lowered self esteem, self confidence and self concept.
Types of Bullying
- Verbal Bullying
- Physical Bullying
- Emotional Bullying
- Cyber Bullying
Define Verbal Bullying
Verbal Bullying is when words are used to hurt.
Examples of Verbal bullying
- name calling
- making racist, sexist or d isablist
comments/ slurs - making hurtful comments
- making threats
- ridiculing.
Define Physical Bullying
Physical bullying is when force is used to hurt.
Examples of Physical Bullying
- hitting
- pushing
- slapping
- kicking
- taking, hiding, damaging another’s belongings.
Define Emotional Bullying.
Emotional bullying is psychological hurt.
Examples of emotional bullying
• spreading rumours
• excluding
• ignoring
• stalking
Define Cyber Bullying
Cyber bullying is using technology to hurt.
Examples of Cyber Bullying
- sending hurtful messages via the internet
- sharing personal information without permission
- posting inappropriate photos
- hurtful/anonymous text messaging
Reasons why/how people bully.
- Being bullied themselves
- Race, culture, religion
- Revenge
- Social media
- Emotional
- Gossiping
- Stealing
- Hitting
- Threats
- Humiliation
- Teasing
- Name calling
Impacts of bullying
- Poor self image
- Feeling unsafe
- Lonely
- Social isolation
- Low self worth
- Suicidal thoughts
- Suicide
- Self harming
- Depression
- Stress
- Reduced self esteem
How can Sibling rivalry have an impact?
Exposure to high levels of conflict could lead to a child backing aggressive and displaying bullying to other children in the family.
What did Rosenthal and Doherty say about sibling rivalry?
They stated that “Children who are in rivalry with siblings or are bullies are quite often bullied by their parents.”
What did Diana Baumrind say regarding parenting styles?
She identified 3 different parenting styles that she thought could contribute to the overall development of children.
Define Parenting Styles.
Parenting styles are described as the different strategies/ways that parents use to bring up children.
What are the three parenting styles?
- Authoritative
- Permissive
- Authoritarian
What is Authoritative parenting described as?
Authoritative parenting is when the parents are not overly strict. Children are brought up to respect authority and develop appropriate values and boundaries.
What is Permissive parenting described as?
Permissive parenting is when parents make few demands and may be reluctant to implement rules or values into the lives of their children. Children therefore often lack self control as they have no set boundaries or respect for personal space.
What is Authoritarian parenting described as?
Authoritarian parenting is when parents have very high expectations, often overwhelming their children with strict rules and regulations. Children are often rebellious and may become problematic both in the family home and in social settings.
Culture, community and beliefs influence these things…
- Dress
- Diet
- Personal Values
- Relationships
- Lifestyle
- Morality
How can medical intervention be impacted by beliefs/culture?
For example, Christian scientists believe in healing through prayer and Jehovah’s Witnesses do not receive blood transfusions.
Possible health risks of the religious rules on medical interventions.
Deterioration to health and possible death.
How can dietary restrictions be impacted by beliefs/culture?
Some religions forbid the consumer of certain foods, such as shellfish for Jews or pork for Muslims. Buddhists and many Hindus are vegetarian.
Possible health benefits of the religious influence on Dietary restrictions.
High fibre and/or low fat diets lower risk of high cholesterol, heart disease and high blood pressure.
Reduced risk of cancers and heart disease if alcohol or stimulants are restricted.
Possible health risks of the religious influence on Dietary restrictions.
Nutritional deficiencies, such as lack of calcium (bones and teeth), iron and vitamin B12 (for red blood cells), vitamin D (for healthy bone growth) and protein (for maintenance of muscles, organs, skin and bones).
How can fasting be impacted by beliefs/culture?
Several religions have periods of fasting, such as Muslims during Ramadan, Jews for several days in the year and mormons on the first Sunday of each month.
Possible health benefits of the religious influence on fasting.
Loss of weight, reduced cholesterol levels, detoxification.
Possible health risks of the religious influence on fasting.
Heartburn, constipation, malnourishment, dehydration, exacerbation of existing conditions such as diabetes and stress.
Positive effects of culture and beliefs
- People share the same values, beliefs and religion.
- People feel accepted and are supported by others.
- People feel valued by others because of their values, beliefs and religion.
Negative effects of culture and beliefs
- People are discriminated against because of their values, beliefs or religion.
- People feel excluded because of their values, beliefs or religion.
- A person’s culture is ignored or not understood.
