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Health and Social Care Unit one > A4 - Social development across the life stages > Flashcards

A4 - Social development across the life stages Flashcards

1
Q

What does social development look like?

A
  • sharing & taking turns
  • verbal communication
  • body language
  • gestures
  • compromise
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2
Q

Name the 3 stages of play

A
  • 0-2 years: Solo play
  • 2-3 years: Parallel play
  • 3 years and over: Cooperative play
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3
Q

Explain Solo Play (0-2 years)

A
  • Children play independently with toys such as rattles, shakers and balls.
  • They may be aware that other infants are present but do not attempt to play with them.
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4
Q

Explain Parallel Play (2-3 years)

A
  • Children playing next to eachother but are involved in their own play.
  • Children are aware of other children.
  • May copy eachother but do not react.
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5
Q

Explain Cooperative play (3 years and over)

A
  • Children are sharing, talking and playing together.
  • They may share ideas and resources in the same activity.
  • Interact and agree roles to develop their play towards a shared goal.
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6
Q

Friendship in Infancy

A
  • Start speaking to eachother - language and communication development.
  • Improve confidence to be around others.
  • Imitations - learn new skill by copying another child.
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7
Q

What does social development help with?

A

It gives the skills and opportunities to ensure people can develop relationships.

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8
Q

Activities between 3-8 years

A
  • roleplay
  • board games
  • sports team
  • learning to win gracefully/lose
  • painting
  • building a den
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9
Q

Friendship in early childhood

A
  • A sense of belonging
  • Trust
  • Language and development
  • Emotional support
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10
Q

Friendship in adolescence

A
  • Emotional changes - mood swings
  • Changes in relationships
  • Stress - exams/coursework
  • People grow apart
  • Learn more about personality

Positive peer pressure:
* to revise - grades improve.
* exercise - improve health/mental health.
- safe sex
- healthy eating.

Negative peer pressure:
* make them take alcohol/recreational drugs.
* drug-driving & drink driving
* truancy - missing education = poor grades
* bullying - poor mental health

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11
Q

Friendship in early and middle adulthood

A
  • work/life balance
  • listen or vent to
  • support for relationship changes
  • advice
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12
Q

Friendship in later adulthood

A
  • during retirement: need to socialise to avoid depression, loneliness and poor mental health.
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13
Q

What are the three types of relationships?

A
  • Informal relationships
  • Formal relationships
  • Intimate relationships
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14
Q

Define informal relationships

A

Informal relationships develop within families and significant people in individuals lives. Informal relationships promote a positive self-concept that prepares adolescents and adults for developing intimate relationships that show mutual respect.

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15
Q

Define formal relationships

A

Formal relationships develop between people who are not related or friends, for instance colleagues or between teacher and pupil. Formal relationships do not involve emotional attachments but are important to social development. They demand different skills.

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16
Q

Define intimate relationships

A

Intimate relationships may begin in adolescence and continue, and new ones form throughout life. Close intimate relationships result in greater contentment, emotional security and positive self image.

17
Q

At 2 months, what happens during social development in Infancy?

A
  • By 2 months, they may start to smile at human faces.
18
Q

At 3 months, what happens during social development in Infancy?

A
  • At 3 months, they will respond when adults talk.
19
Q

Infants appear to have an ________ to interact with carers

A

Infants appear to have an in-built tendency to interact with carers.

20
Q

At 5 months, what happens during social development in Infancy?

A
  • At 5 months, infants can distinguish between familiar and unfamilar people.
  • Infants make their first relationships as they form an emotional attachment to carers.
21
Q

What happens in the later stages of infancy?

A
  • Infants will play alongside other children. (parallel play)
22
Q

What happens during social development in Childhood?

A
  • Young children are emotionally attached and dependent on the adults that care for them.
  • Children begin to learn social roles and behaviour within their family context.
  • A family environment might provide a safe base from which to explore social relationships with other children through play.
  • Children will learn to co-operate with other children (co-operative play).
  • As children grow older they become increasingly independent and begin to form friendships based on a sense of mutual trust.
  • Friendships become increasingly important as children grow towards adolescence.
  • Children may begin to form social networks or ‘circles of friends’ who like and agree with eachother.
23
Q

What happens during social development in Adolescence?

A
  • During adolescence a persons sense of self-worth may be more influenced by their peers than by their family.
  • Adolescents copy the styles of dress, beliefs, cultural values and behaviours of their own network of friends.
  • Historically, adolescence was seen as a time of ‘storm and stress’.
  • Adolescents have to cope with the development of their own sexuality (the impact of sex hormones at puberty) and the social transition to full independence from the Family.
  • Recent research suggests that many adolescents experience of smooth transition to adult roles without serious conflict with parents.
24
Q

What happens during social development in Early/middle adulthood?

A
  • During early adulthood, friendship networks continue to be very important.
  • For most people, early adulthood is dominated by forming intimate relationships.
  • As well as the need to find employment/establish a career.
  • For many people, marriage and parenthood represent major social developments in their life.
  • In middle adulthood, individuals experience time pressures that may limit their social activity.
  • Mature adults may have to split their time between work, caring for parents, other family commitments and wider social activities.
  • Some mature adults report a reduction in the amount of social activity due to these pressures.
25
Q

What happens during social development in later adulthood?

A
  • Following retirement, older adults have more free time to develop friendships through taking up new hobbies, pastimes and travel.
  • Others may choose to increase their involvement with close friends or family rather than extend their network of social contacts.
26
Q

What takes place in infancy for them to develop their independence?

A
  • They will depend on others for care.
  • They will play alone but they like to have a familiar adult close by.
27
Q

What takes place in early childhood for them to develop their independence?

A
  • They develop the neccessary skills to become more independent in personal care.
  • Develops likes and dislikes and can make limited decisions.
28
Q

What takes place in adolescence for them to develop their independence?

A
  • They enjoy more freedom, can make independent decisions (e.g lifestyle, education etc), but emotions may affect this ability.
  • They take responsibility for own actions but are influenced by others.
29
Q

What takes place in early adulthood for them to develop their independence?

A
  • They may live with parents but are independent.
  • Able to make own decisions about personal life and career.
  • It is often a time for relationships, marriage and starting a family.
30
Q

What takes place in middle adulthood for them to develop their independence?

A
  • Becomes increasingly independent.
  • Increased freedom with life changes, e.g dependent children leave home; retirement.
31
Q

What takes place in later adulthood for them to develop their independence?

A
  • continues to make own decisions.
  • may have financial constraints if relying on state pension.
  • changes in mental and physical capacity may gradually reduce ability to make own decisions and care for self.

Health and Social Care Unit one (13 decks)

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