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Health and Social Care Unit one > B3 - Environmental factors that affect development > Flashcards

B3 - Environmental factors that affect development Flashcards

1
Q

Types of Environmental Factors that affect development

A
  • Housing
  • Access to Health Care
  • Geographical location
  • Pollution
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2
Q

How does Housing impact on development?

A
  • Unhygienic - infections, cold, flu.
  • Damp - Mould - asthma, allergies. = damage
  • Unsafe - broken windows, unsafe staircase.
  • cold weather - hypothermia - mainly affects older people as they’re unable to afford heating.
  • lack of open space - no garden = no social opportunities. Might become overweight, limited social activity.
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3
Q

How does Access to Healthcare impact on development?

A
  • corridor/hallway is too thin
  • cobbles in the pavement
  • transport to facilities
  • no ramps
  • broken lifts
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4
Q

How does Geographical location impact on development?

A
  • taxi prices = expensive
  • missing appointments
  • missed bus - bus times
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5
Q

How does Pollution impact on development?

A
  • Air pollution - effects on cardiovascular system, can cause respiratory issues such as: COPD, asthma.
  • Sound pollution - struggle to sleep, rest and work due to distractions.
  • Water pollution - infections & illness.
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6
Q

Define Pollutant. Name some Outside and Inside Factors of air pollution.

A

Pollutant - a substance that contaminates something such as air/water and it may be unsafe.

Outside factors:
- Chemicals from vehicle exhaust systems
- industrial emissions

Inside factors:
- mould
- cleaning products

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7
Q

Describe Poor Housing Conditions

(at least 3)

A
  • Dampness (mould)
  • Structural defects
  • Overcrowding
  • Poor cleaning, cooking facilities
  • Drying clothes, indoors with poor ventilation
  • Spread of infection through poor sanitation
  • Lack of open green spaces.
  • Deprived areas
  • Vandalised, broken or misused playgrounds.
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8
Q

Name health impacts that may happen due to Air Pollution

A
  • Respiratory disorders
  • Cardiovascular problems
  • Allergies
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9
Q

Define Respiratory disorders

A

Respiratory disorders are conditions affecting the upper respiratory tract, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli, pleura and pleural cavity.

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10
Q

Define Cardiovascular problems

A

Cardiovascular problems are described as any disorder or disease of the heart or blood vessels.

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11
Q

Define Allergies

A

Allergies are caused by irritants such as dust or pollen causing the nervous system to overreact.

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12
Q

Information about Respiratory Disorders

A
  • Tobacco smoke, combustion products and air are harmful to the respiratory system.
  • Respiratory disorders range from a runny nose or sore throat to conditions such as bacterial pneumonia, chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder and lung cancer
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13
Q

Information about Cardiovascular Problems

A
  • Exposure to other chemicals that cause air pollution increases the risk of thrombosis and raised blood pressure.
  • Exposure to pollution during pregnancy may be linked to the baby having congenital heart defects and cardiovascular disease in later life.
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14
Q

Information about Allergies

A
  • Hayfever is a seasonal reaction to certain types of pollen.
  • It can cause sneezing, watery eyes and a runny nose, lethargy and flu-like symptoms.
  • An asthma attack causes difficulty in breathing as the airways (bronchi and bronchioles) become inflamed and constricted.
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15
Q

Name Respiratory Disorders

A
  • Asthma
  • COPD
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16
Q

What is asthma described as?

A

Asthma is a common lung condition that causes occasional breathing difficulties.

17
Q

Symptoms of asthma

A
  • wheezing
  • breathlessness
  • a tight chest
  • coughing
18
Q

Causes of asthma

A
  • allergies
  • smoke, pollution and cold air
  • exercise
  • colds or flu
19
Q

What is COPD described as?

A

It is the name for a group of lung conditions that cause breathing difficulties.
Such as:
- Emphysema
- Chronic Bronchitis

20
Q

Symptoms of COPD

A
  • Shortness of breath
  • Persistent chesty cough with phlegm
  • Frequent chest infections
  • Persistent wheezing
21
Q

What is COPD caused by?

A
  • long term exposure to harmful fumes or dust.
  • rare genetic problem that causes the lungs to be more vulnerable to damage.
22
Q

What is Hypothermia described as?

A

Hypothermia is described as a dangerous drop in body temperature below 35°C.

23
Q

Symptoms of Hypothermia

A
  • shivering
  • pale, cold and dry skin
  • slurred speech
  • slow breathing
  • tiredness or confusion
24
Q

Causes of Hypothermia

A
  • Not wearing enough clothes
  • Staying out in the cold too long
  • Falling into cold water
  • Have wet clothes and get cold
  • Live in a cold house - older people living alone and particularly at risk.
25
Q

How can living conditions cause Cardiovascular Problems?

A
  • Children living in overcrowded housing tend to have problems with growth and have an increased risk of heart disease.
  • Poor quality housing can lead to stress. - this then affects an individual’s blood pressure.
  • High blood pressure changes and damages the artery walls + increases the risk of blood clots and strokes.
  • Lack of exercise and poor diet lead to cardiovascular problems caused by lack of green spaces.
  • poor living conditions develop unhealthy habits - smoking tobacco and drinking alcohol.
26
Q

How can poor housing lead to anxiety and depression?

A
  • Stress of paying bills.
  • disturbed sleep due to worrying/fear of safety.
  • anxiety of meeting the needs of a family.
  • choosing poor lifestyle choices to control emotions.
  • inability to concentrate.
  • lack of privacy/independence.
  • fear of crime.
  • lack of light/heat can cause depression.
  • feeling of shame
  • bullying
27
Q

What are the challenges to accessing health and social care services?

A
  • transport
  • opening times
  • cultural and behavioural barriers
28
Q

How does the local authority help to provide health and social care services?

A
  • Transport
  • Suitable opening times
  • Financial support
  • provide more support in schools and poorer areas.
  • mobility support
  • healthy living centres
29
Q

Name Adult and Children’s Social Care services

A
  • Housing
  • Home care
  • Benefits: financial support
  • Residential care
  • Supported living
  • Day centres + Luncheon Clubs
  • Children’s services
30
Q

Name Health Services

A
  • community health
  • walk in centres
  • paediatric care
  • dental
  • pharmacy
  • maternity services
  • mental health
  • sexual health
  • urgent/emergency care
  • eye care
  • home nursing
  • chronic healthcare
31
Q

What do both Health and Social Care services offer?

A
  • advisory services
  • advocacy
  • discharge planning
  • transport
  • nursing home
  • end of life care
  • safeguarding
32
Q

What makes travelling to appointments stressful?

A
  • Having to financially pay for travel, parking, arranging lifts, publkic transport times.
  • Living in remote areas means transport is often unreliable.
  • Hospital car parks are very expensive - usually unaffordable for service users with regular appointments.
    —-> appointments being cancelled, missed or rebooked.
  • This can have a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of frail and vulnerable people or families with young children.
33
Q

How could transport issues impact health and wellbeing?

A
  • Health and deterioration
  • Spreading of disease and/or illness
  • Loss of money
  • Reliance on others - family members. Then feeling guilty/a burden.
  • Increased rates of anxiety and depression.
34
Q

Why might some not have the same access?

A

1. Service Availability
- Specialist services or drugs are not available in some geographical areas.
- There may be restrictions on delivery or service opening times.
- Pressures on services because of increased demand, e.g. winter flu, may limit availability.
- Waiting times are affected by lack of availability of specialists and hospita! beds.
- Lack of public transport to take individuals to and from services.

2. Individual circumstances
- Mobility difficulties restrict physical access.
- Learning and/or communication difficulties can impact on a person’s understanding of and contact with available services.
- Sensory difficulties impact on a person’s ability to find out about and access services.
- Personal circumstances,
such as caring for others or working long hours, can make attending services difficult.

35
Q

How can the inequality of access to the NHS be overcome?

A
  • Extend GP hours
  • Introduce more NHS walk in centres and healthy living centres and extend the NHS 111 service
36
Q

Name the needs and requirements of particular services.

A
  • They aim to promote an early intervention policy.
  • Try to improve the health and well-being of young children and their families.
  • Improving health and reducing poverty is important for preventing long term health problems and reducing the risk of premature death.
  • Elderly/men/anyone of a certain religion or culture less likely to seek support.
37
Q

What kind of people are unable to access services?

A
  • Homeless people and vulnerable immigrants - whom are at risk of infectious diseases
  • Some families are difficult to reach - travelling families or they don’t have English as a first language.
38
Q

Reasons why people can’t attend GP surgeries

A
  • caring commitments
  • working long hours
  • transport difficulties

Health and Social Care Unit one (13 decks)

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