B5 - Economic factors that affect development Flashcards
Define Economic Factors
They are all the aspects of life related to money.
Define Income and Expenditure
It is a person’s level of income and personal wealth.
Lack of income may mean not being able to afford:
- Clothing
- Food
- Housing
- Bills
Define Absolute Poverty
Those who cannot afford the basic necessities to live. E.g food, clothes, housing and bills.
Define Relative poverty.
Relative poverty is described as people who can afford basic resources but not much else.
Impacts of low income that affect Physical Development during Infancy.
- could develop infectious more often from sitting in nappies/poor housing.
- stunted growth/developmental delays.
- lower birth weight - due to stress from the mother.
- higher infant mortality - could die prematurely.
Impacts of low income that affect Physical Development during Early Childhood
- more susceptible to illness, respiratory difficulties - inadequate housing, due to poverty.
Impacts of low income that affect Physical Development during Adolescence
- the negative effects on emotional state lead to poor lifestyle choices.
E.g getting into crime, smoking, alcohol, taking recreational.
Impacts of low income that affect Physical Development during Early/Middle Adulthood.
- can’t afford medication - can lead to poorer health.
- can’t afford healthy food - nutritional deficiencies.
Impacts of low income that affect Physical Development during Later Adulthood.
- can’t afford to pay for heating - more of a chance of hypothermia.
- can’t afford to cook warm meals - malnourishment
Impacts of low income that affect Intellectual Development during Infancy
- Intellectually Delayed
- can’t afford brain stimulating/educational resources to build development.
Impacts of low income that affect Intellectual Development in Early Childhood.
- unable to afford educational trips - missed opportunities
- lowered grades
Impacts of low income that affect Intellectual Development in Adolescence
- Poor results in GCSE’S - unable to afford revision resources
- Poor academic achievements
Impacts of low income that affect intellectual development in Early and Middle Adulthood.
- can’t afford activities
- can’t afford education
Impacts of low income that affect intellectual development in later adulthood.
- can’t afford to stimulate brain - could enhance the onset of dementia
- may decline faster intellectually
Impacts of low income that affect Emotional Development in Infancy
- emotionally delayed
- disturbed attachment to parents
Impacts of low income that affect emotional development in Early Childhood
- exclusion/embarrassment/unhappy
- low confidence/self esteem
- more susceptible to being bullied/judged
- ill mental health
Impacts of low income that affect emotional development in Adolescence
- embarrassed/stressed about the situation at home.
- could be bullied
- gang violence
Impacts of low income that affect emotional development in Early and middle adulthood
- stressed and burnt out due to spending most of their time working - leads to stress and being burnt out.
- depression, anxiety
Impacts of low income that affect emotional development in Later adulthood
- loneliness - unable to meet friends for bingo/activities
- struggle to cope on their own but may not be able to afford to go to a nursing home.
Impacts of low income that affect social development in infancy
- parents are working to earn - stressed
- attachment is disturbed
Impacts of low income that affect social development in Early Childhood
- Nursery - £1000
- Lack social and play experiences with other children - especially only children (Bandura’s Social Learning Theory)
- Lack experiences outside of school - swimming - poor diet leads to obesity and poor growth.
Impacts of low income that affect social development in Adolescence
- branded items out of reach - bullying - friendship
- lack social opportunities due to part time job
Impacts of low income that affect social development in Early and Middle Adulthood.
- 2nd job
- tired and restricted to home to socialise
- can’t afford to attend weddings
- spend money on alcohol/smoking or drugs due to stress or on a diet high in salt, fat and sugar.
Impacts of low income that affect social development in Later Adulthood.
- pension
- seeing friends and family is a struggle if they live far away - transport costs
Income mainly comes from:
• Wages from employment
• Profits from your business if you are
self-employed
• Benefits paid by the government
• Money from invested wealth, such as
interest on bank accounts or bonds
• Money raised through the sale or rent of property you own
Who is likely to be on low income?
- Lone-parent families
- Unemployed people
- Older people - pension
- Sick people or people with disabilities
- Families with single earners
- Unskilled couples (where only
one of the couple works, and in unskilled employment).
Define Employment status
It is whether a person is employed or not (manual or non-manual, part time or full time and future prospects.
Define Manual workers
The more physical jobs usually done by people, which is often poor paid as it does not require high levels of qualifications.
Define Non-manual workers
A person whose job involves the use of their mind, rather than the use of their hands or physical strength. Often higher paid requiring academia.
Define Education and economics.
It is the stage of education reached, educational opportunities and achievements.
What is lifestyle and health?
It is being able to afford a healthy diet or access to service and choices which affect finance.
What do economic factors consist of?
- Income and Expenditure
- Education
- Lifestyle and Health
- Employment Status
Positive Effects of economic factors on physical development.
- 👍 Manual/active jobs, increase muscle tone and stamina.
- 👍 Lifestyle: being able to afford a healthy diet and regular exercise to keep digestive systems, circulatory systems and joints healthy.
Negative effects of economic factors on physical development.
- 👎 Manual jobs may cause muscular and skeletal problems.
- 👎 Sedentary/desk based jobs can cause back problems, repetitive strain injury, lack of fitness and increased risk of join problems and heart disease.
Positive effects of economic factors on intellectual development.
- 👍 being in work, education or training promotes creative thinking and problem solving skills.
- 👍 being able to afford a good diet and exercise can promote cognitive development.
Negative Effects of economic factors on intellectual development.
- 👎 being out of work, retired or in a non-demanding job may cause deterioration of memory and prob,en solving skills.
- 👎 low income and a low-quality lifestyle can lead to stress and loss of concentration.
Positive Effects of economic factors on emotional development.
- 👍 being in a high-status job and having a good income and education may lead to high self image and positive self esteem.
- 👍 having an adequate income and job provides opportunities and independence.
Negative Effects of economic factors on emotional development.
- 👎 being unemployed, having a low-status job and poor academic achievement can lead to poor lifestyle choices (e.g drug use, unhealthy diet), negative self-image and low self-esteem.
- 👎 low income and poor health due to lifestyle can lead to lack of choice and independence.
- 👎 concerns about lack of work or finances can lead to stress.
Positive Effects of economic factors on social development.
- 👍 being at school, college or in training or work provides opportunities to develop friendships.
- 👍 being able to afford a healthy lifestyle can lead to friendships
Negative effects of economic factors on social development.
- 👎 low income or unemployment offers fewer opportunities for building relationships.
- 👎 poor lifestyle may lead to breakdown in relationships
Positive impacts of High income on Physical development
- being able to afford a healthy diet and regular exercise.
— keep digestive systems, circulatory systems and joints healthy. - more brain power
- gym - able to exercise regularly
- fresh fruits - vitamins and minerals
Positive impacts of High income on Intellectual Development
- being in work, education or training promotes creative thinking and problem solving skills.
- being able to afford a good diet and exercise can promote cognitive development.
- building new brain cells - memory + skills.
- good diet = cognitive development
Positive impacts of High income on Emotional Development
- being in a high status job and having a good income and education may lead to high self image and positive self-esteem
- having an adequate income and job provides opportunities and independence.
— feelings of success and being proud of yourself.
Positive impacts of High income on Social Development
- being at school, college or in training or work provides opportunities to develop friendships.
- being able to afford a healthy lifestyle can lead to friendships.
- high end social activities - meet new people.
- travelling - meet new people.
Negative impacts of High income on Physical Development.
- Sedentary/desk based jobs can cause back problems, repetitive strain injury, lack of fitness and increased risk of joint problems and heart disease.
- Taxis/tube - less physical activity.
- Smoking - due to stress.
— > leads to lung/mouth cancer. - Alcohol- liver cancer.
- Drugs - psychological impacts/ill health.
- Takeaways - lack of time. Salt intake ⬆️
Negative impacts of High income on Intellectual Development
- burnout/exhaustion
— overwhelmed
— can’t take in new info
——— stressed.
Negative impacts of High income on Emotional Development
- stress due to work load
- confidence ⬇️
- inability to focus due to workload
Negative impacts of High income on Social Development.
- Lack time to socialise
- Too tired to socialise
- Social skills decrease
— > unable to communicate
