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Biology > B5 - Communicable diseases > Flashcards

B5 - Communicable diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Definition of Communicable disease

A

A disease caused by pathogens that can be passed from one orgamisms to another

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2
Q

Definition of a Non-Communicable disease

A

A disease that is not infectious

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3
Q

Definition of pathogen

A

A microorganism that causes diseases

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4
Q

What are the 4 types of pathogens

A

Fungi
Protists
Bacteria
Viruses

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5
Q

What are Fungi pathogens

How do they spread

A

Eukaryotic organisms (Advanced cell)
Spread through spores in the air or on surfaces
multicellular but can be single celled

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6
Q

What are Protist pathogens

How do they spread

A

Eukaryotic organisms (Advanced cell)
Spreads through food and water that has been infected
They attach to the lining of the small intestine and stop the person absorbing all the nutrients
Mulitcellular or single celled

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7
Q

What are Bacteria pathogens
What do they do in the body
what shape are they

A

Prokaryotic organisms (simple cell)
Release toxins or poisons when in the body
Come in many shapes or sizes - very small
They can multiply in favourable conditions

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8
Q

What are Viruse pathogens

What size are they

A

Neither prokaryotic or Eukaryotic
Much smaller than bacteria
Can reproduce inside cells from the host organism, they will break the cell and then spread across the body reproducing more
Spread around the body by bloodstreams or airways

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9
Q

What are the ways that pathogens spread

A 
Direct contact
Food and water
Droplet infection (by air)
Genetics
Lifestyle
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10
Q

What do antibodies fight

A

Bacteria

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11
Q

What is an antisceptic used for

A

To clean wounds and stop infection in the wound

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12
Q

What is an disinfectant used for

A

It is used to kill bacteria on other surfaces than the skin

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13
Q

What are antibiotics used for

A

Used to kill bacteria inside bodies

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14
Q

What did Semmelweiss do

A

He said that doctors were going from dead bodies to new born babies without washing heir hands
He told them to wash their hands but refused

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15
Q

What did Lister do

A

He was the first to use Carbolic acid as a disinfectant

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16
Q

What did Louis Pasteur do

A

Created Germ Theory

Created vaccinations for many diseases

17
Q

What is a Vaccination and how does it work

A

It is a small amount of a dead or inactive pathogens that are injected into the persons body

This allows the body to make the right antibodies for the pathogen without any risk of illness

So if you get the pathogen and it is active, the body already has antibodies to kill it

18
Q

What are the signs of plant diseases

A

stunted growth
spots on leaves
areas of decay
discolouration

19
Q

What defiency causes stunted growth

A

nitrate

20
Q

What defiency causes chlorosis

A

magnesium

21
Q

What physical defences do plants have against pathogens

A

The cellulose wall
The waxy cuticle layer
Bark on trees
Leaf fall

22
Q

What chemical defences do plants have against pathogens and predators

A

Antibacterial chemicals

Release poisons to deter herbivores

23
Q

What mechanical defences do plants have against predators

A

Thorns
Hairy stems
Mimicry

24
Q

What is Measles

A

It is a human disease caused by a virus
Symptoms are fever, dry cough and inflamed eyes
Spread by droplet infection
Vaccine available

25
Q

What is HIV

A

It is a human disease caused by a virus
Symptoms are fevers, extreme fatigue and rapid weight loss
Spread in body fluids
Medication is available

26
Q

What is tobacco mosaic virus

A

It is a plant disease caused by a virus
Symptoms are stunting, mosaic patterns on leaves and malformation
Spread by physical contact
No cures

27
Q

What is Salmonella

A

It is a human disease caused by a bacteria
Symptoms are stomach cramps, diarrhea and fever
Spread by food and water
No cures but fluids can be deliverd into veins

28
Q

What is Gonorrhoea

A

It is a human disease caused by a bacteria
Symptoms are painful urination and pelvic pain
Spread by sexual contact or from mother-baby
Antibiotics can be taken

29
Q

What is Rose Black Spot

A

It is a plant disease caused by a fungi
Symptoms are expanding black spots on leaf or yellow halos
Spread by physical contact or droplet infection
No cures

30
Q

What is Malaria

A

It is a human disease caused by a protist
Symtoms are headaches, vomiting and sweating
Spread by mosquito’s or blood transfusions
Treated by ACT’s

Biology (17 decks)

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