Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology > B10 - The Nervous System > Flashcards

B10 - The Nervous System Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is homostasis

A

It is the regulation of internal conditions of a cell or organism to maintain optimum conditions for the function

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are receptors

A

They are cells that detect changes in the external and the internal environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are effectors

A

They are cells that bring about a change

e.g. muscles, glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What internal conditions are controlled

A

Blood sugar level

Temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are coordination centres

A

They are places where information is received and processed from receptors and organises the response
e.g. Brain, Spinal cord, Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a stimuli

A

It is a change in the environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What stimuli do eyes detect

A

Light

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What stimuli do Ears detect

A

Sound and change in position (Help us keep our balance)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What stimuli does Tongue and Nose detect

A

Chemicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What stimuli does skin detect

A

Touch, pressure, pain and temperature changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What order happens for a reaction

A

Stimulus > receptor > Coordinator > Effector > Response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What do motor neurons do

A

They transmit impulses from the CNS to the effector

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the CNS

A

Central Nervous System

It is a coordination centre where responses are made

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What do sensory neurons do

A

They transmit impulses from the receptors to the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are reflexes

A

They are actions which are automatic and rapid and do not involve the conscious part of the brain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what are synapses

A

They are gaps between neurons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What happens at synapses

A

When the impulse arrives at the synapse, chemicals are released that diffuse across the gap and then bind to the receptor sites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are glands

A

They are organs which secrete substances such as hormones

19
Q

what are hormones

A

They are chemical messages

20
Q

What does the brain control

A

It controls complex behaviour

21
Q

What is the brain made of

A

It is made of billions of interconnected neurons and has different regions that carry out different functions

22
Q

What function does the cerebral cortex carry out

A

It carries out consciousness, intelligence, memory and language

23
Q

What function does the cerebellum carry out

A

It carries out coordination of muscular activity

24
Q

What function does the medulla carry out

A

It carries out unconscious activities like breathing and heartbeat

25
Q

How is the brain studied

A

Studying behaviour of people with brain damage, Electrically stimulating the brain and MRI scans

26
Q

What is the function of the sclera

A

The tough, white outer layer prevents damage to the eye

27
Q

What is the function of the cornea

A

The transparent area at the front of the sclera

28
Q

What is the function of the Iris

A

Has sets of muscles that control the size of the pupil and regulate the light reaching the retina

29
Q

What is the function of the pupil

A

The hole in the centre of the iris that allows light to pass through

30
Q

What is the function of the lens

A

Focuses the light rays on the retina

31
Q

What are the functions of the suspensory ligaments and the ciliary muscles

A

Change the shape of the lens to focus the light rays on the retina

32
Q

What is the function of the retina

A

Made up of light sensitive receptor cells

33
Q

What is the function of the optic nerve

A

Carries impulses from the retina to the brain

34
Q

What happens to the eyes in bright light

A

Circular muscles contract
Radial muscles relax
Pupil constricts

35
Q

What happens to the eyes in dim light

A

Circular muscles relax
Radial muscles contract
Pupil dilates

36
Q

What is accommodation

A

The process of changing the shape of the lens to focus on near or distant objects

37
Q

What happens when the eyes focus on nearby objects

A

The ciliary muscles contract
The suspensory ligaments loosen
The lens is thicker so refracts light rays strongly

38
Q

What happens when the eyes focus on distant objects

A

The ciliary muscles relax
The suspensory ligaments tighten
The lens is thinner and only slightly refracts light rays

39
Q

What is myopia

A

Short sightedness where people cant focus on distant objects

Lens is to long

40
Q

what is hyperopia

A

Long sightedness where people cant focus on close objects

Lens is to short

41
Q

How can myopia be fixed

A

Concave lens

42
Q

How can hyperopia be fixed

A

Convex lens

43
Q

How can vision be corrected

A

Contact lenses - Increases the risk of eye infection
Laser eye surgery - Risk of infection and vision could get worse
Replacement lens surgery - High risk and possible damage to retina

Biology (17 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions