B1 - Cell structure and transport

Question 1

Definition of magnification

Answer 1

How enlarged something is

Question 2

Definition of resolution

Answer 2

How clear the image is

Question 3

What is the equation for image size

Answer 3

image size = magnification x size of real object

Question 4

What is the difference between an electron and a light microscope

Answer 4

The electron microscope is has a much higher resolution of 0.2nm and a magnification of x 2 000 000
The light microscope has a smaller resolution of 200nm and a magnification of x 2000

Question 5

What type of cells are animal and plant cells

Answer 5

Eukaryotic

Question 6

What is the function of ribosomes

Answer 6

Where protein synthesis happens, making protein for the cell

Question 7

What is the function of mitochondria

Answer 7

Where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy

Question 8

What are Eukaryotic cells

Answer 8

They are complex cells which have their DNA inside a nucleus

Question 9

What are Prokaryotic cells

Answer 9

They are basic cells where the DNA is not inside a nucleus

Question 10

What adaptions do Nerve cells have

Answer 10

The axon is very long
Lots of dendrites to make connections to other cells
The nerve endings have special transmitter chemicals to pass on the impulses

Question 11

What are the adaptions of a muscle cell

Answer 11

Contain many mitochondria to release energy
They can store glycogen which can be used in respiration
Special proteins that slide over each other

Question 12

What are the adaptions of a sperm cell

Answer 12

A long tail
Lots of mitochondria
The acrosme conatins enzymes to break the layer of the egg
Contains half the DNA - 23 chromosomes

Question 13

What are the adaptions of a root hair cell

Answer 13

Big surface area
Large permanent vacuole
Many mitochindria for active transport

Question 14

What are the adaptions of a photosynthetic cell

Answer 14

Lots of chloroplasts

Large pernament vacuoles that keep the cell rigid

Question 15

What are the adaptions of Xylem cells

Answer 15

Made of dead cells, which allows water to pass easier

The rings and spirals of ligin make them strong

Question 16

What are the adaptions of the Phloem cells

Answer 16

They have seive plates

Companion cells allows dissolved food to move easier

Question 17

What is diffusion

Answer 17

It is the movement of a solute from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration

Question 18

What is Osmosis

Answer 18

It is the movement of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution over a partially permeable membrane

Question 19

What is Active Transport

Answer 19

It is the movement of substances from a low concentration to a high concentration area across a partially pereable membrane. It requires energy because of the proteins.

Question 20

What is the definition of an isotonic solution

Answer 20

When the concentration of solutes in the cell is the same as the concentration outside the cell

Question 21

What is the definition of a hypertonic solution

Answer 21

When the concentration of solutes outside the cell is higher than inside the cell

Question 22

What is the definition of a hypotonic solution

Answer 22

When the solution of solutes outside the cell is lower than inside the cell.

Question 23

what key features does a bacterial cell have

Answer 23

cell wall
cytoplasm
cell membrane
not a nucleus

Question 24

What is the normal size of a eukaryotic cell

Answer 24

10-100 um