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Biology > B17 and B18 - Biodiversity and Ecosystems > Flashcards

B17 and B18 - Biodiversity and Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

What is a quadrat

A

A square frame that encloses a known area and is used to find population size and distribution of organisms

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2
Q

What is a producer

A

A plant which is first in the food chain and gets food from the sun

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3
Q

What is a primary consumer

A

A herbivore which eats the producers

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4
Q

What is a secondary consumer

A

A carnivore which eats the primary consumers

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5
Q

What is the water cycle

A

It is the movement of water around the earth

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6
Q

What is evaporation

A

It is where water is heated and turns to water vapour

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7
Q

What is condensation

A

It is where water vapour cools and turns into a liquid

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8
Q

What is transpiration and respiration

A

Where water vapour is lost out of plants and animals

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9
Q

What is the carbon cycle

A

It is the movement of carbon around the Earth

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10
Q

What is extracellular digestion

A

It is the digestion of food outside the cells

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11
Q

What are decomposers

A

They are cells which carry out aerobic decomposition

They are fungi or bacteria

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12
Q

What is the equation for respiration

A

Glucose + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Water

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13
Q

What is the equation for Photosynthesis

A

Water + Carbon Dioxide –> Glucose + Oxygen

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14
Q

What is the equation for combustion

A

Fossil fuel + Oxygen –> Carbon dioxide + Water

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15
Q

What is decay

A

Decay is the breaking down of dead cells to return carbon dioxide to the atmosphere and minerals and nutrients to the soil

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16
Q

What are the steps to decay

A
  1. Maggots, worms and beetles start the process by eating the dead materials
  2. The decomposers then break down the waste material by releasing enzymes onto the material
17
Q

What factors affect decay

A
  1. Temperature - High temp kill enzymes and low temp slow the rate of reaction down
  2. Oxygen - Decomposers need oxygen to survive and carry out aerobic decay
  3. Water - Water is needed to help the reactions inside the organisms like digestion
18
Q

What is anaerobic decay

A

It is decay with a lack of oxygen, when this happens it produces methane which can be used as a fuel. This reaction is taken advantage of in Biogas generators.

19
Q

What is the independent variable in an experiment

A

It is the variable that you change

20
Q

What is the dependant variable in an experiment

A

It is the variable that you measure

21
Q

What is biodiversity

A

It is the variety of all different species of organisms on earth, or within an ecosystem

22
Q

What is Eutrophication

A

It is when fertilisers are washed off fields by rain and into rivers or lakes. This increase in minerals in the water causes a massive amount of algae to grow on the top of the water. This prevents sunlight reaching the other plants causing them to die. Decomposers break down the dead plants and use up the oxygen killing the animals.

23
Q

What is a beat bog

A

They are a store of carbon and an important habitat for some species.

24
Q

How is a beat bog formed

A

It is formed by plants growing in bogs and abosrbing carbon dioxide and then dying, they then decompose partially because of the acidic and anaerobic conditions.

25
Q

What are examples of things maintaining biodiversity

A

Breeding programmes for endangered species
Recycling resources
Reduction of deforestation

26
Q

What is biomass

A

It is the mass of living material in plants and animals

27
Q

Why is there biomass loss between the stages of a food chain

A

Not all food is digested so loss in faeces
Absorbed material lost as waste in respiration and urine
Biomass is used for movement and maintaining body temperature
Biomass used for new growth

28
Q

What is food security

A

It is having enough food to feed a population

29
Q

Biological factors affecting food security

A

Extreme weather events
Soil conditions
Climate
Diseases

30
Q

Solutions to growing human population

A

GM crops
Quorn
Higher taxes on meat
Meat alternatives

31
Q

What is Quorn

A

It is a protein rich food produced from the fungus Fusarium.

The fungus is grown on glucose syrup in aerobic conditions and the biomass is harvested and purified

Biology (17 decks)

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