B5 communicable diseases

Question 1

What is the definition of health

Answer 1

is the state of physical and mental well-being.

Question 2

What is a pathogen

Answer 2

is a microorganism that causes a disease e.g. bacteria, viruses, fungi, protists

Question 3

What is a communicable disease

Answer 3

a disease caused by a microorganism that can be transmitted from one person to another.

Question 4

Name some other factors (other than disease) than can have an effect on physical/mental health?

Answer 4

Diet

Stress

Life situations

Question 5

What are Risk factors for disease

Answer 5

Smoking

Exposure to radiation

Excessive alcohol

Carcinogens

Obesity

Question 6

Explain how different type of diseases can interact with each other

Answer 6

Problems with the immune system mean that an individual is more likely to suffer from
infectious diseases.

Viruses living in cells can be a trigger for cancers.

Immune reactions initially caused by a pathogen can trigger allergies such as skin rashes and
asthma.

Severe physical illnesses can lead to mental illnesses like depression.

Question 7

Compare how bacteria and viruses cause illness

Answer 7

Bacteria and viruses both reproduce rapidly once inside the body.

However whereas bacteria reproduce in the bloodstream (where they may produce toxins that damage tissues) and make us
feel ill, viruses live and reproduce inside cells causing cell damage and eventually entering the bloodstream.

Question 8

What are three viral diseases

Answer 8

Measles

HIV

Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) – plant disease

Question 9

What are the symptoms and effects of measles

Answer 9

Fever, red skin rash. Can be very serious.

Question 10

What are the symptoms and effects of HIV

Answer 10

Flu-like symptoms. The virus attacks the bodies immune cells to the point they can no longer fight diseases.

Question 11

What are the symptoms and effects of tobacco mosaic virus

Answer 11

Mosaic patter of discolouration on the leaves which affects the growth of the plant due to lack of photosynthesis.

Question 12

How are measles spread

Answer 12

Air-bourne (coughing, sneezing etc)

Question 13

How does HIV spread

Answer 13

STD: Sexual contact or exchange of bodily fluids e.g.

blood

Question 14

How do you prevent/treat measles

Answer 14

Vaccination in early childhood

Question 15

How do you prevent/treat HIV

Answer 15

Antiretroviral drugs can control HIV.

Question 16

What are two bacterial diseases

Answer 16

Salmonella

gonorrhoea

Question 17

What are the symptoms and effects of salmonella

Answer 17

Food poisoning. Fever, abdominal cramps

Question 18

What are the symptoms and effects of gonorrhoea

Answer 18

Thick yellow/green discharge from the vagina or penis and pain when urinating.

Question 19

How is salmonella spread

Answer 19

In food or food prepared in unhygienic conditions.

Question 20

How is gonorrhoea spread

Answer 20

STD – Sexually transmitted disease

Question 21

How do you prevent or treat salmonella

Answer 21

In the UK poultry are vaccinated against salmonella to control the spread of the bacteria.

Question 22

What is a fungal disease

Answer 22

Rose black spot

Question 23

What are the symptoms and effects of rose black spot

Answer 23

A fungal disease where purple or black spots develop on the leaves. Affects the growth of the plant as photosynthesis cannot take place.

Question 24

How is rose black spot spread

Answer 24

Water or wind

Question 25

How can you prevent or treat rose blackspot

Answer 25

Fungicides

Question 26

What is a protist disease

Answer 26

Malaria

Question 27

What are the symptoms and effects of malaria

Answer 27

Recurrent episodes of fever, can be fatal.

Question 28

How are malaria spread

Answer 28

Vector - mosquitos

Question 29

How can you prevent or treat Malaria

Answer 29

Preventing the vectors (i.e. mosquito) from breeding & using nets.