B17-ecology Flashcards
What is classification
Classification is the way in which living things (organisms) are grouped according to features (characteristics) that they have in common.
More recently classification of organisms is based on DNA analysis.
Who was Carl Linnaeus
Classified organisms into 5 kingdoms (based on their structures and characteristics).
He also developed the binomial naming system.
Linnaeus classified living things into: kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus and species.
Who was Carl Woese
Due to DNA evidence there is now a different classification system developed by Carl Woese. In this system, organisms are divided into 3 domains
What are the three domains of the three domain classification
Archaea: primitive bacteria usually living in extreme environments
Bacteria: true bacteria
Eukaryota: includes protists, fungi, plants and animals.
What are the kingdoms of the three domain classification
Archaea = archeabacteia
Bacteria = EU bacteria
Eukaryota = protesta , fungi, plants and animals
What does the acronym to remember the classification of organisms
Does - Domain Kevin - Kingdom play - Phylum clarinet - class or - Order flute - Family good - Genius sound - specious
What is species
A group of similar organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring
Scientist carry out a DNA test to consider which species an organism belongs to
What’s the meaning of ecology
The branch of biology that studies organisms and their relationships with the living and nonliving environment in which they live
How is the earths ecology organised
Biosphere biomass ecosystem community population individual
Is an ecosystem
Is the interaction of a community of living organisms with the nonliving organisms part of their environment
What is biotic organism
Living organism
What is an abiotic organism
A nonliving organism
What is the meaning of interdependence
Within a community each species depend on other species
What is a stable community
A stable community is a community where all the species and environmental factors are balanced
Why do animals and plants compete
Animals and plants have to compete for limited resources the best adapted animals or plants will win and survive
What do animals compete for
Food
Water
Mates
Area
What do plants compete for
Space
Minerals
Carbon dioxide
Light
What are producers
Are plants or cyanobacteria
How does a food chain look
Producer
primary consumer
secondary consumer
What processes release carbon from the atmosphere
Respiration
Combustion
Decomposition
What processes take in carbon
Photosynthesis
Eating plants
What are the steps in the carbon cycle
Carbon is released into the atmosphere by respiration and combustion
Carbon dioxide is absorbed by produces to make carbohydrates in photosynthesis
Animals eat other animals and plants pass on carbon dioxide in this way
Animals and plants release energy from glucose in respiration. This also releases carbon dioxide into the atmosphere
When animals and plants died they decompose and carbon is released back into the soil
Stored carbon in the ocean is known as a carbon sink
What are the stages of the water cycle
Evaporation-water vapour evaporate from bodies of water into the atmosphere
Transpiration-water vapour evaporates from the stomata in leaves to the atmosphere
Respiration-releases water vapour into the atmosphere
Condensation-water vapour rises and cause then condenses back into liquid droplets forming clouds
Precipitation-as water droplets in clouds get heavier they start to fall as rain snow or hail
What is biodiversity
Is the variety of all the different species of organisms on earth within an ecosystem
What are the types of pollution
Water-with sewage
Air pollution - with the release smoke and gases such as sulphur dioxide and carbon dioxide which contributes to acid rain
Land pollution-with toxic chemicals such as pesticides and herbicides which may be washed from the land into water and landfills
Are humans affecting biodiversity on Earth
Pollution
Deforestation
Misuse of land
Global warming
How are people miss using land
Building houses
Farming
Quarrying
Landfills
What are the biological concerns of global warming
Loss of habitats-low living areas are flooded
Change in distribution of species-due to temperature/rainfall pattern change
Change in migration patterns-migration patterns of birds insects and mammals could change due to climate change
Reduced biodiversity-due to climate change organisms may not be able to survive change
How can we improve biodiversity
Captive breeding programs
Ban on certain hunting methods such as whaling
Reduction of deforestation and carbon dioxide emissions
replanting Woodlands after cutting them down
