B5 - Communicable Diseases Flashcards
4 types of microorganisms (microbes)
- fungus
- protozoa
- bacteria
- virus
define pathogen
microbes that cause disease
how do pathogens cause a person to feel ill
- releasing toxins
- reproducing themselves and hijacking body cells
- immune system reaction making temperature higher
how are diseases transmitted
droplets - microbes in small droplets
direct contact
food contamination
water contamination
4 human physical defences against pathogens
eyes
skin
ciliated epithelial cells
stomach
how does the stomach defend against pathogens?
High acidity in stomach acid (pH 2) which kills pathogens
how do the eyes defend against pathogens?
antiseptics found in tears which kill pathogens
how do ciliated epithelial cells defend against pathogens?
Small hairs and mucus on these cells stop pathogens from entering the lungs. The hairs waft pathogens up to the mouth which is mixed with saliva and swallowed sending it to the stomach.
how does the skin defend against pathogens?
Dry and oily conditions. Wounds also clot and close because of platelets
define binary fission
asexual reproduction process where a cell replicates and splits forming two daughter cells, a simple form of mitosis
define antiseptic
chemical that kills microbes on the surface of the body
define antibiotic
chemical that kills microbes inside the body
define disinfectant
chemical that kills microbes on surfaces
formula to calculate the number of bacteria in a population
P = c · 2D
D = total division cycles
P = population
c = starting population
How to grow microorganisms on a petri dish.
- All equipment used must be sterilised to kill unwanted microbes
- Sterilise the inoculating loop with a Bunson burner, then let it cool
- Place the inoculating loop in the bacteria that you want to grow
- Spread the bacteria on the surface of the agar in the petri dish. Always keep the agar plate upside down when open and possible to make sure no particles contaminate the surface by landing on it
- fix the lid with tape to make sure that microbes in the air don’t contaminate the culture
- incubate the petri dish for several days for the culture to grow