B13 - Reproduction Flashcards
name:
both types of reproduction
sexual and asexual
list 3:
factors of asexual reproduction
- 1 parent
- 2 cloned offspring of the parent
- cell division mitosis
list 3:
factors of sexual reproduction
- 2 parent cells
- male and female gametes join (fuse)
- genetic variation in offspring
name:
the process when gametes are prodced
meiosis cell division
define:
diploid number
the number of chromosomes in an organism’s body cell
e.g. human diploid number is 46
define:
haploid number
the number of chromosomes in an organism’s gamete
e.g. human haploid number is 23
define:
genetic code
the sequence of bases in DNA
name:
complimentary base pairs
A = T
C ≡ G
“apples in the tree, cars in the garage”
What does the genetic code do?
the sequence of bases codes for proteins
define:
triplet code
in DNA
a sequence of 3 bases that code for a specifc amino acid
structural shape of DNA
double helix
list 3:
stages of DNA replication
- DNA helix unwinds
- two strands seperate
- new bases bond to each strand
This forms 2 identical DNA helixes
purpose of mRNA
messanger RNA strand leaves the nucleus which carry the coding sequence for proteins (transcripts). It is complimentary to the DNA
purpose of RNA polymerase
enzyme that copies DNA to form mRNA
purpose of tRNA
transfer RNA molecules made an anticodon that carry amino acids that binds to mRNA. releases amino acids to form chains called proteins
name:
the difference between mRNA bases and DNA
T is replaced with U
define:
codon
three bases
describe:
protein synthesis
- RNA polymearease enzyme uses DNA to form complimentary mRNA
- mRNA leaves the nuclues
- in the ribosome mRNA binds to an complimentary anticodon on a tRNA molecule
- tRNA releases an amino acid
- amino acids released bind together to form a long chain called a protein
name:
two stages of protein synthesis and where they occur in a cell
- transcription - nucleus
- translation - ribosomes
