B11 - Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

define:

hormones

Answer 1

chemicals that take effect on target organs

Question 2

define:

endocrine system

Answer 2

the system in the body that contains glands that secret hormones

Question 3

describe:

processes when blood glucose levels are too high

Answer 3

1. pancreas releases insulin
2. liver converts glucose into glycogen

Question 4

describe:

processes when blood glucose levels are too low

Answer 4

1. pancreas releases glucagon
2. liver converts glycogen into glucose

Question 5

define:

type 1 diabetes, and treatment

Answer 5

Pancreas fails to produce enough insulin. Insulin injections

Question 6

define:

type 2 diabetes, and treatment

Answer 6

Body cells lose sensitivity to insulin. Exercise / carbohydrate controlled diet.

Question 7

name:

4 stages of the menstural cycle

Answer 7

1. menstruation
2. re-building uterus lining (follicular)
3. ovulation
4. maintaining uterus lining (luteal)

Question 8

define:

menstruation

Answer 8

shedding of the uterus lining

Question 9

define:

ovulation

Answer 9

release of an egg

Question 10

list:

4 hormones present in the menstural cycle

Answer 10

• FSH
• LH
• oestrogen
• progesterone

Question 11

How do hormones travel through the body?

Answer 11

through the bloodstream

Question 12

function of FSH

Answer 12

stimulates egg maturation and oestrogen production in the ovaries

Question 13

function of oestrogen

Answer 13

stops FSH production, stimulates pituitary gland to release LH, repairs uterus lining

Question 14

function of LH

Answer 14

triggers ovulation

Question 15

function of progesterone

Answer 15

maintains the lining of the uterus

Question 16

list:

3 contraceptives

Answer 16

• barrier methods
• oral contraceptives
• IUD
• sterilisation
• spermicide

Question 17

How long does the menstrual cycle last?

Answer 17

28 days

Question 18

name:

the ‘master gland’ in the endocrine system

Answer 18

pituitary gland

Question 19

role of adrenal gland

Answer 19

produces adrenaline

Question 20

role of thyroid gland

Answer 20

produces thyroxine

Question 21

name:

both glands in the reproductive system and their role

for males and females

Answer 21

• testes - produces testosterone
• ovaries - produces oestrogen

Question 22

list:

2 changes for males and females in puberty

Answer 22

• pubic hair grows
• underarm hair grows
• sex organs develop

Question 23

list:

2 changes for only males in puberty

Answer 23

• voice breaks
• hair grows on body and face
• testes produce sperm

Question 24

list:

2 changes for only females in puberty

Answer 24

• voice deepens gradually
• hips widen / breasts develop
• ovaries release eggs

Question 25

# list: 2 treatments for infertility

Answer 25

- In Vitro Fertilisation (IVF) - FSH and LH drugs

Question 26

# list: disadvantages of IVF

Answer 26

- stress (emotional + physical) - low success rate - possibility of multiple births

Question 27

Effects of adrenaline and when it is released

Answer 27

Times of fear or stress. Increases: - heart rate - breathing rate - redirects blood towards muscles (more respiration)

Question 28

role of thyroxine

Answer 28

Stimulates the basal metabolic rate. Also growth and development

Question 29

# define: negative feedback loop

Answer 29

counteracts changes to keep properties constant | vs positive feedback amplifies change

Question 30

# define: tropism

Answer 30

a plant's growth response to a stimulus, can be positive or negative

Question 31

# name: 2 tropisms

Answer 31

- phototropism - geotropism | geotropism aka gravitropism

Question 32

# define: auxin

Answer 32

a plant *hormone* which affects *growth* in the roots and shoots

Question 33

Do auxins stimulate or inhibit growth in: 1. shoots 2. roots

Answer 33

1. stimulate 2. inhibit

Question 34

Where do auxins accumulate during: 1. phototropism 2. geotropism

Answer 34

1. unshaded side 2. lower side

Question 35

# list 3: uses of auxins

Answer 35

- as weed killers - as rooting powders - for promoting growth in tissue culture

Question 36

# define: gibberellins

Answer 36

plant hormone which is important in *initiating seed germination*

Question 37

# list 3: uses of gibberellins

Answer 37

- ending seed dormancy - promote flowering - increase fruit size