B4: Transport

Question 1

What does blood plasma look like?

Answer 1

It is a yellow liquid.

Question 2

What does blood plasma do?

Answer 2

The plasma transports all of your red blood cells and some other substances around your body.

Question 3

Describe the structure of white blood cells

Answer 3

A white blood cells is a rounded shape with a centre nucleus.

Question 4

What do white blood cells do?

Answer 4

They form part of the body’s defence system against harmful microorganisms.

Question 5

What do red blood cells do?

Answer 5

Red blood cells pick up oxygen from the air in your lungs and carry it to the cells where it is needed.

Question 6

Describe platelets structure

Answer 6

Platelets are small fragments of cells. They have no nucleus.

Question 7

What do platelets do and why are they important?

Answer 7

They are very important in helping the blood to clot at the site of a wound.

Question 8

What is a double circulatory system?

Answer 8

A double circulatory system is two loops in our body, instead of one, in which blood circulates. One is oxygenated, meaning oxygen rich, and the other is deoxygenated, which means it has little to no oxygen, but a lot of carbon dioxide. This makes the human circulatory system more efficient.

Question 9

What are the three main blood vessels that carry blood around the body?

Answer 9

Veins
Arteries
Capillaries

Question 10

What is the function of the arteries?

Answer 10

Your arteries carry blood from your heart to the organs of your body.

Question 11

What is the function of the veins?

Answer 11

The veins carry blood away from the organs towards your heart.

Question 12

What is the function of the capillaries?

Answer 12

Capillaries form a huge network of tiny vessels linking the arteries and the veins.

Question 13

What is the function of the pancreas?

Answer 13

The pancreas is the part of the digestive system that produces insulin and other important enzymes and hormones that help break down foods.

Question 14

What is the function of the liver?

Answer 14

The liver produces a liquid called bile which is stored in the gallbladder. Bile helps in the digestion of lipids by breaking them down.

Question 15

How are red blood cells adapted?

Answer 15

• They are biconcave discs which increases the SA:V ratio.
• Packed with haemoglobin that binds to oxygen.
• No nucleus, which makes space for haemoglobin.

Question 16

What direction do arteries carry blood?

Answer 16

Away from the heart and to the organs (oxygenated).

Question 17

What direction do veins carry blood?

Answer 17

Away from organs to the heart (deoxygenated).

Question 18

What is the function of stents?

Answer 18

To keep narrow or blocked arteries open.

Question 19

What is the function of statins?

Answer 19

Reduces cholesterol levels in blood, reducing the risk of coronary heart disease.

Question 20

Give examples of plant organ systems.

Answer 20

Roots, stem and leaves form an organ system.

Question 21

Define transpiration.

Answer 21

The loss of water vapour from the stomata.