B2:Cell Division Flashcards
How many chromosomes do you have?
46 (23 pairs).
Define differentiation.
The process where the cells become specialised for a certain function.
Define zygote.
When the egg and sperm fuse.
What are two types of stem cells?
Embryonic stem cells and adult stem cells.
Where are adult stem cells from?
Bone marrow
What are some uses of stem cells in humans?
- Treatment of spinal injuries.
- Treatment of diabetes.
- Restoration of eyesight.
What are some uses of stem cells in plants?
- Clones of the plants can be grown very quickly.
- Large numbers of rare plants can be reproduced-save extinction.
What are some problems with embryonic stem cells?
- Most come from aborted embryos or spare embryos from fertility treatment.
- As embryo cannot give permission, it’s a violation of human rights.
- May cause cancer.
Two advantages of embryonic stem cells.
- Many cells can be produced.
- Reduce waiting time for organ transplants.
Define chromosome.
A thread-like structure carrying genetic material.
What is a cell cycle?
A cell cycle is a series of stages which show how body cells divide.
What does a cell have to do before it can divide?
It needs to grow, replicate the DNA to form two copies of each chromosome and increase the number of sub-cellular structures.
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is when one set of chromosomes is pulled to each end of the dividing cell and the nucleus divides.
Why is mitosis important?
Mitosis is important because cell division in the cell cycle needs mitosis to produce two identical cells.
What is a gene?
A gene is a section of a chromosome/DNA.
