B1: Cell Structure and Transport Flashcards
Name a prokaryotic cell
Bacteria
Name two Eukaryotic cells
Any of the following:
Animal cell
Plant cell
Fungi
What is the name of the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?
DNA
Name one thing that all eukaryotes have?
Any of the following:
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA
Name a prokaryote that is a single-celled living organism
Bacteria
What is smaller? A prokaryote or a eukaryote.
Eukaryotes
Can you see individual bacteria without a powerful microscope?Yes or No?
No
What does bacteria use to move themselves around?
Flagellum
What is the function of cytoplasm?
Liquid gel where most chemical reactions for life take place.
What is the function of ribosomes?
Where protein synthesis takes place, making all proteins for the cell.
What is the equation for magnification?
Size of image/size of real object
What is the equation for size of real object (magnification)?
Size of image/magnification
What is the function of mitochondria?
Where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell.
What is the function of cell membrane?
Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.
What is the function of the chlorophyll?
Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can photosynthesise.
Examples of specialised cells?
Nerve cells, sperm cells, muscle cells.
Specialised plant cells?
Root hair cells, xylem cells and phloem cells.
Define diffusion.
The spreading out of the particles of a gas or of any substance in a solution.
What is the net (overall) movement of diffusion?
From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down the concentration gradient.
What effects the rate of diffusion?
Difference in concentrations, the temperature and the available surface area.
Define osmosis.
Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane
Define isotonic.
The concentration of the solution is the same inside and outside the cell.
Define hypertonic.
Concentrated solution is higher OUTSIDE the cell.
Define hypotonic.
Concentration of solution is higher INSIDE the cell.
Define active transport.
The movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient.
Why do most exchange surfaces usually have a large surface area and thin walls?
To give a short diffusion distance.
What do most exchange surfaces have to give a short diffusion distance?
A large surface area and thin walls.
Function of rigid cell wall?
Supports the cell and strengthens it.
Function of permanent vacuole?
Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts).
Function of chloroplast?
Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant.
What are plasmids?
Small rings of DNA.
Why is diffusion important?
It helps us deliver nutrients and remove waste products.
What substance move in and out of cells?
Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water
Define differentiation.
The process by which a cell changes to become more specialised for its job.
What are some examples of specialised cells?
1) Sperm cells are specialised for reproduction.
2) Nerve cells are specialised for rapid signalling.
3) Muscle cells are specialised for contraction.
4) Phloem and Xylem cells are specialised for transporting substances.
