B1: Cell Structure and Transport

Question 1

Name a prokaryotic cell

Answer 1

Bacteria

Question 2

Name two Eukaryotic cells

Answer 2

Any of the following:

Animal cell
Plant cell
Fungi

Question 3

What is the name of the genetic material in the nucleus of a eukaryotic cell?

Answer 3

DNA

Question 4

Name one thing that all eukaryotes have?

Answer 4

Any of the following:

Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
DNA

Question 5

Name a prokaryote that is a single-celled living organism

Answer 5

Bacteria

Question 6

What is smaller? A prokaryote or a eukaryote.

Answer 6

Eukaryotes

Question 7

Can you see individual bacteria without a powerful microscope?Yes or No?

Answer 7

No

Question 8

What does bacteria use to move themselves around?

Answer 8

Flagellum

Question 9

What is the function of cytoplasm?

Answer 9

Liquid gel where most chemical reactions for life take place.

Question 10

What is the function of ribosomes?

Answer 10

Where protein synthesis takes place, making all proteins for the cell.

Question 11

What is the equation for magnification?

Answer 11

Size of image/size of real object

Question 12

What is the equation for size of real object (magnification)?

Answer 12

Size of image/magnification

Question 13

What is the function of mitochondria?

Answer 13

Where aerobic respiration takes place, releasing energy for the cell.

Question 14

What is the function of cell membrane?

Answer 14

Controls the passage of substances in and out of the cell.

Question 15

What is the function of the chlorophyll?

Answer 15

Chlorophyll absorbs light so the plant can photosynthesise.

Question 16

Examples of specialised cells?

Answer 16

Nerve cells, sperm cells, muscle cells.

Question 17

Specialised plant cells?

Answer 17

Root hair cells, xylem cells and phloem cells.

Question 18

Define diffusion.

Answer 18

The spreading out of the particles of a gas or of any substance in a solution.

Question 19

What is the net (overall) movement of diffusion?

Answer 19

From an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration, down the concentration gradient.

Question 20

What effects the rate of diffusion?

Answer 20

Difference in concentrations, the temperature and the available surface area.

Question 21

Define osmosis.

Answer 21

Osmosis is the diffusion of water from a dilute solution to a concentrated solution across a partially permeable membrane

Question 22

Define isotonic.

Answer 22

The concentration of the solution is the same inside and outside the cell.

Question 23

Define hypertonic.

Answer 23

Concentrated solution is higher OUTSIDE the cell.

Question 24

Define hypotonic.

Answer 24

Concentration of solution is higher INSIDE the cell.

Question 25

Define active transport.

Answer 25

The movement of substances from a dilute solution to a more concentrated solution against the concentration gradient.

Question 26

Why do most exchange surfaces usually have a large surface area and thin walls?

Answer 26

To give a short diffusion distance.

Question 27

What do most exchange surfaces have to give a short diffusion distance?

Answer 27

A large surface area and thin walls.

Question 28

Function of rigid cell wall?

Answer 28

Supports the cell and strengthens it.

Question 29

Function of permanent vacuole?

Answer 29

Contains cell sap (a weak solution of sugar and salts).

Question 30

Function of chloroplast?

Answer 30

Where photosynthesis occurs which makes food for the plant.

Question 31

What are plasmids?

Answer 31

Small rings of DNA.

Question 32

Why is diffusion important?

Answer 32

It helps us deliver nutrients and remove waste products.

Question 33

What substance move in and out of cells?

Answer 33

Oxygen
Carbon dioxide
Water

Question 34

Define differentiation.

Answer 34

The process by which a cell changes to become more specialised for its job.

Question 35

What are some examples of specialised cells?

Answer 35

1) Sperm cells are specialised for reproduction.
2) Nerve cells are specialised for rapid signalling.
3) Muscle cells are specialised for contraction.
4) Phloem and Xylem cells are specialised for transporting substances.