B4 Organising Animals and plants

Question 1

What is the circulatory system

Answer 1

This is made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood and carries food and oxygen to every cells in the body.

Question 2

What are arteries

Answer 2

They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at a high pressure. They have thick walls and a small lumen. Also they have elastic fibres for stretching and muscles in the walls to make them strong

Question 3

What are veins

Answer 3

These are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart at a low pressure. Large lumen and relatively thin walls and they contain valves

Question 4

What are capillaries

Answer 4

They are really tiny blood vessels that are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues. One cell thick wall and very small lumen. Can diffuse easily

Question 5

Red blood cells

Answer 5

Carry oxygen. Biconcave disc (large surface area) with no nucleus and they contain haemoglobin that binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin

Question 6

White blood cells

Answer 6

Produce antibodies and antitoxins to fight against microorganisms. They change shape by phagacytosis

Question 7

Platelets

Answer 7

They help blood clot and stop bacteria getting in a cut by forming a scab. No nucleus

Question 8

Plasma

Answer 8

Yellow liquid that carries everything in the blood

Question 9

What is the heart

Answer 9

An organ that pumps blood around the body

Question 10

The right ventricle forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs in the

Answer 10

Pulmonary artery

Question 11

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body through the

Answer 11

Aorta

Question 12

Label parts of heart. Anticlockwise

Answer 12

Pulmonary artery, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary vein, aorta

Question 13

What do valves do

Answer 13

Keep blood flowing in the right direction

Question 14

Stents

Answer 14

Keep narrow or blocked arteries open

Question 15

Statins

Answer 15

Statins are widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposit.

Question 16

What can damaged heart valves be replaced with

Answer 16

Mechanical or biological valves

Question 17

What are artificial pacemakers

Answer 17

Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rhythm

Question 18

What is the resting heart rate controlled by

Answer 18

Group of cells in the right atrium that form a natural pacemaker

Question 19

Label the lungs

Answer 19

Tranchea(wind pipe), bronchiole, bronchus, alveoli, diaphram, heart, rib, intercostal muscle, pleural membranes

Question 20

What are the properties of an alveoli

Answer 20

Large surface area, maintains a steep diffusion gradient, thin alveolus walls, c02 passes out of blood by diffusion, ventilation, oxygen moves into blood by diffusion

Question 21

What are plant tissues

Answer 21

Collections of cells specialised to carry out specific functions

Question 22

Epidermal tissue

Answer 22

Covers the whole plant

Question 23

Palisade mesophyll tissue

Answer 23

Photosynthesis occurs here

Question 24

Spongy mesophyll tissue

Answer 24

Air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of cells. This is in the leaf

Question 25

Phloem

Answer 25

Translocation.transports food substances (mainly dissolved sugars). Columns of elongated cells with small pores in the end walls to allow cell sap to flow through

Question 26

Xylem.

Answer 26

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves-transpiration stream. No end walls. Strengthened with a material called lignin

Question 27

What is transpiration

Answer 27

The loss of water vapour from the surface of plants leaves

Question 28

Guard cells

Answer 28

Open and close stomata. Too much water stomata opens. Not enough water, stomata closes

Question 29

Plant organs

Answer 29

Stems, roots, leafs

Question 30

Transpiration is more rapid in

Answer 30

Hot dry windy or bright conditions, non humid

Question 31

What is coronary heart disease

Answer 31

In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them. This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle.

Question 32

What is the role of the guard cells and stomata

Answer 32

The role of stomata and guard cells are to control gas exchange and water loss.

Question 33

Aorta

Answer 33

Carries blood from heart to body

Question 34

Pulmonary artery

Answer 34

Carries blood from heart to lungs

Question 35

Pulmonary vein

Answer 35

Carries blood from lungs to heart

Question 36

Vena cava

Answer 36

Carries blood from body to heart

Question 37

What is translocation

Answer 37

The movement of sucrose around a plant