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Biology > B4 Organising Animals and plants > Flashcards

B4 Organising Animals and plants Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the circulatory system

A

This is made up of the heart, blood vessels and blood and carries food and oxygen to every cells in the body.

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2
Q

What are arteries

A

They carry oxygenated blood away from the heart at a high pressure. They have thick walls and a small lumen. Also they have elastic fibres for stretching and muscles in the walls to make them strong

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3
Q

What are veins

A

These are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood towards the heart at a low pressure. Large lumen and relatively thin walls and they contain valves

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4
Q

What are capillaries

A

They are really tiny blood vessels that are involved in the exchange of materials at the tissues. One cell thick wall and very small lumen. Can diffuse easily

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5
Q

Red blood cells

A

Carry oxygen. Biconcave disc (large surface area) with no nucleus and they contain haemoglobin that binds to oxygen to become oxyhaemoglobin

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6
Q

White blood cells

A

Produce antibodies and antitoxins to fight against microorganisms. They change shape by phagacytosis

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7
Q

Platelets

A

They help blood clot and stop bacteria getting in a cut by forming a scab. No nucleus

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8
Q

Plasma

A

Yellow liquid that carries everything in the blood

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9
Q

What is the heart

A

An organ that pumps blood around the body

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10
Q

The right ventricle forces deoxygenated blood to the lungs in the

A

Pulmonary artery

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11
Q

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body through the

A

Aorta

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12
Q

Label parts of heart. Anticlockwise

A

Pulmonary artery, vena cava, right atrium, right ventricle, left ventricle, left atrium, pulmonary vein, aorta

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13
Q

What do valves do

A

Keep blood flowing in the right direction

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14
Q

Stents

A

Keep narrow or blocked arteries open

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15
Q

Statins

A

Statins are widely used to reduce blood cholesterol levels which slows down the rate of fatty material deposit.

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16
Q

What can damaged heart valves be replaced with

A

Mechanical or biological valves

17
Q

What are artificial pacemakers

A

Electrical devices used to correct irregularities in the heart rhythm

18
Q

What is the resting heart rate controlled by

A

Group of cells in the right atrium that form a natural pacemaker

19
Q

Label the lungs

A

Tranchea(wind pipe), bronchiole, bronchus, alveoli, diaphram, heart, rib, intercostal muscle, pleural membranes

20
Q

What are the properties of an alveoli

A

Large surface area, maintains a steep diffusion gradient, thin alveolus walls, c02 passes out of blood by diffusion, ventilation, oxygen moves into blood by diffusion

21
Q

What are plant tissues

A

Collections of cells specialised to carry out specific functions

22
Q

Epidermal tissue

A

Covers the whole plant

23
Q

Palisade mesophyll tissue

A

Photosynthesis occurs here

24
Q

Spongy mesophyll tissue

A

Air spaces to allow gases to diffuse in and out of cells. This is in the leaf

25
Q

Phloem

A

Translocation.transports food substances (mainly dissolved sugars). Columns of elongated cells with small pores in the end walls to allow cell sap to flow through

26
Q

Xylem.

A

Transports water and mineral ions from the roots to the stems and leaves-transpiration stream. No end walls. Strengthened with a material called lignin

27
Q

What is transpiration

A

The loss of water vapour from the surface of plants leaves

28
Q

Guard cells

A

Open and close stomata. Too much water stomata opens. Not enough water, stomata closes

29
Q

Plant organs

A

Stems, roots, leafs

30
Q

Transpiration is more rapid in

A

Hot dry windy or bright conditions, non humid

31
Q

What is coronary heart disease

A

In coronary heart disease layers of fatty material build up inside the coronary arteries, narrowing them. This reduces the flow of blood through the coronary arteries, resulting in a lack of oxygen for the heart muscle.

32
Q

What is the role of the guard cells and stomata

A

The role of stomata and guard cells are to control gas exchange and water loss.

33
Q

Aorta

A

Carries blood from heart to body

34
Q

Pulmonary artery

A

Carries blood from heart to lungs

35
Q

Pulmonary vein

A

Carries blood from lungs to heart

36
Q

Vena cava

A

Carries blood from body to heart

37
Q

What is translocation

A

The movement of sucrose around a plant

Biology (19 decks)

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