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Biology > B11 Hormonal Coordination > Flashcards

B11 Hormonal Coordination Flashcards

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1
Q

What is phototropism

A

Response of plant to light

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2
Q

What is gravitopism or geotropism

A

A plants response to gravity. Root growth down

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3
Q

What is auxin

A

Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth near the tips of shoots and roots in response to light and gravity

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4
Q

What is the endocrine system

A

A coordination and control system made up of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream and is then transported to the target organ

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5
Q

Thyroid gland function

A

Controls the metabolic rate of the body and produces thyroxine

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6
Q

Pancreas

A

Controls the levl of glucose in the blood and produces insulin

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7
Q

Testes

A

Produces testosterone, involved in sperm production, controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics

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8
Q

Ovaries

A

Involved in menstrual cycle. Produces oestrogen, controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics

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9
Q

Glucose

A

The sugar used in respiration

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10
Q

Glycogen

A

A storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles

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11
Q

Glucagon

A

A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose

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12
Q

Type 1 diabetes

A

Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

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13
Q

Type 2 diabetes

A

A person becomes resistant to their own insulin

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14
Q

Blood glucose level is too high

A

The pancreas secretes insulin. Glucose moves from blood into the the cells and excess is stored as glycogen in the liver.

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15
Q

Blood glucose level is too low

A

Pancreas produces glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the liver to covert glycogen to glucose and then releases it into the blood

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16
Q

Ways to control fertility

A

Physical barriers (condom), sterilisation (permanent), chemical barriers (spermicide), abstinence (no sexual intercourse), natural methods (not effective), hormone based contraception (implant 3 years , patch 1 week, injections 2-3 months) or oestragen and progesterone can be added, intrauterine devices

17
Q

4 hormones in menstrual cycle

A

Folp. FSH, LH, progesterone, oestrogen

18
Q

What is the menstrual cycle

A

28 day process and involves the preparation of the uterus lining so that it is able to recieve a fertilised egg.

19
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes maturation of an egg in the ovary. Stimulates the ovary to produce oestrogen

20
Q

LH

A

Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg - triggers ovulation

21
Q

Oestrogen

A

Causes the lining of the uterus to develop. Inhibits the release of FSH, stimulates the release of LH

22
Q

Progesteone

A

Maintains the lining of the uterus. Inhibits the release of both LH and FSH

23
Q

What are gibberlines

A

A plant hormone that is important in initiating seed germination

24
Q

What are gibberlines used for

A

To increase fruit size, end seed dormancy, promote flowering

25
Q

What are auxins used as in agriculture

A

Weed killers, in tissue culture and rooting powders

26
Q

What is ethene used for

A

To control fruit ripening

27
Q

Ways to treaty infertility

A

This includes giving FSH and LH in a ‘fertility drug’ to a woman. She may then become pregnant in the normal way.

28
Q

Negatives of fertility treatments

A
  • it is very emotionally and physically stressful
  • the success rates are not high
  • it can lead to multiple births which are a risk to both the babies and the mother.
29
Q

Role of adrenaline

A

Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress. It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for ‘flight or fight’.

30
Q

What is negative feedback

A

These work to maintain a steady state. If a factor in the internal environment increases/decreases changes take place to decrease/increase it and restore the origional level. Thyroxine is controlled by negative feedback but adrenaline is not

31
Q

What is the master gland

A

Pituitary

32
Q

How to treat type 1 diabetes

A

Insulin injections

33
Q

How to treat type 2 diabetes

A

Carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime

Biology (19 decks)

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