B11 Hormonal Coordination

Question 1

What is phototropism

Answer 1

Response of plant to light

Question 2

What is gravitopism or geotropism

Answer 2

A plants response to gravity. Root growth down

Question 3

What is auxin

Answer 3

Auxin is a plant hormone that controls growth near the tips of shoots and roots in response to light and gravity

Question 4

What is the endocrine system

Answer 4

A coordination and control system made up of glands that secrete chemicals called hormones directly into the bloodstream and is then transported to the target organ

Question 5

Thyroid gland function

Answer 5

Controls the metabolic rate of the body and produces thyroxine

Question 6

Pancreas

Answer 6

Controls the levl of glucose in the blood and produces insulin

Question 7

Testes

Answer 7

Produces testosterone, involved in sperm production, controls the development of the male secondary sexual characteristics

Question 8

Ovaries

Answer 8

Involved in menstrual cycle. Produces oestrogen, controls the development of the female secondary sexual characteristics

Question 9

Glucose

Answer 9

The sugar used in respiration

Question 10

Glycogen

Answer 10

A storage carbohydrate found in the liver and muscles

Question 11

Glucagon

Answer 11

A hormone that stimulates the liver to break down glycogen to glucose

Question 12

Type 1 diabetes

Answer 12

Pancreas doesn’t produce enough insulin

Question 13

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 13

A person becomes resistant to their own insulin

Question 14

Blood glucose level is too high

Answer 14

The pancreas secretes insulin. Glucose moves from blood into the the cells and excess is stored as glycogen in the liver.

Question 15

Blood glucose level is too low

Answer 15

Pancreas produces glucagon. Glucagon stimulates the liver to covert glycogen to glucose and then releases it into the blood

Question 16

Ways to control fertility

Answer 16

Physical barriers (condom), sterilisation (permanent), chemical barriers (spermicide), abstinence (no sexual intercourse), natural methods (not effective), hormone based contraception (implant 3 years , patch 1 week, injections 2-3 months) or oestragen and progesterone can be added, intrauterine devices

Question 17

4 hormones in menstrual cycle

Answer 17

Folp. FSH, LH, progesterone, oestrogen

Question 18

What is the menstrual cycle

Answer 18

28 day process and involves the preparation of the uterus lining so that it is able to recieve a fertilised egg.

Question 19

FSH

Answer 19

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) causes maturation of an egg in the ovary. Stimulates the ovary to produce oestrogen

Question 20

LH

Answer 20

Luteinising hormone (LH) stimulates the release of the egg - triggers ovulation

Question 21

Oestrogen

Answer 21

Causes the lining of the uterus to develop. Inhibits the release of FSH, stimulates the release of LH

Question 22

Progesteone

Answer 22

Maintains the lining of the uterus. Inhibits the release of both LH and FSH

Question 23

What are gibberlines

Answer 23

A plant hormone that is important in initiating seed germination

Question 24

What are gibberlines used for

Answer 24

To increase fruit size, end seed dormancy, promote flowering

Question 25

What are auxins used as in agriculture

Answer 25

Weed killers, in tissue culture and rooting powders

Question 26

What is ethene used for

Answer 26

To control fruit ripening

Question 27

Ways to treaty infertility

Answer 27

This includes giving FSH and LH in a ‘fertility drug’ to a woman. She may then become pregnant in the normal way.

Question 28

Negatives of fertility treatments

Answer 28

* it is very emotionally and physically stressful * the success rates are not high * it can lead to multiple births which are a risk to both the babies and the mother.

Question 29

Role of adrenaline

Answer 29

Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal glands in times of fear or stress. It increases the heart rate and boosts the delivery of oxygen and glucose to the brain and muscles, preparing the body for ‘flight or fight’.

Question 30

What is negative feedback

Answer 30

These work to maintain a steady state. If a factor in the internal environment increases/decreases changes take place to decrease/increase it and restore the origional level. Thyroxine is controlled by negative feedback but adrenaline is not

Question 31

What is the master gland

Answer 31

Pituitary

Question 32

How to treat type 1 diabetes

Answer 32

Insulin injections

Question 33

How to treat type 2 diabetes

Answer 33

Carbohydrate controlled diet and an exercise regime