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BLOCK 1-3 EXAM > B3M3 > Flashcards

B3M3 Flashcards

1
Q

Which of the following is the strongest and thickest wall of the orbit?
A. Superior wall
B. Inferior wall
C. Lateral wall
D. Medial wall

A

C. Lateral wall

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2
Q

Which part of the orbit is the most exposed and vulnerable to direct trauma?
A. Superior wall
B. Inferior wall
C. Lateral wall
D. Medial wall

A

C. Lateral wall

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3
Q

Natural flow of aqueous humor from production to drainage
A. Ant Chamber > Post chamber > Sclera Venous Sinus > Vorticose and Anterior
Ciliary Veins
B. Ciliary processes > Ciliary body > Canal of Schlemm > Vorticose and Anterior
Ciliary Veins > Post chamber
C. Ciliary processes > Post chamber > Anterior chamber > Canal of Schlemm >
Limbal Plexus > Vorticose and Anterior Ciliary Veins
D. Ciliary body > Canal of Schlemm > Sclera Venous Sinus > Limbal Plexus

A

C. Ciliary processes > Post chamber > Anterior chamber > Canal of Schlemm >
Limbal Plexus > Vorticose and Anterior Ciliary Veins

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4
Q

The posterior chamber is bounded posteriorly by
A. Iris
B. Lens Capsule
C. Ciliary processes
D. Cornea

A

B. Lens Capsule

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5
Q

This is the tough, opaque part of the fibrous layer of the eye that provides attachment
for both extrinsic and intrinsic eye muscles
A. Cornea
B. Sclera
C. Retina
D. Choroid

A

B. Sclera

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6
Q

Which structure develops from the surface ectoderm during embryonic development
of the eye?
A. Retina
B. Optic nerve
C. Lens
D. Ciliary body

A

C. Lens

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7
Q

How does the ciliary body contribute to the person’s vision?
A. By secreting tears to lubricate the eyeball
B. By controlling the thickness of the lens for focus
C. By supplying oxygen to the retina through
D. By producing pigment to reduce light scattering

A

B. By controlling the thickness of the lens for focus

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8
Q

What is the role of the nasolacrimal duct in the lacrimal apparatus?
A. To produce tears to hydrate the eyes.
B. To transport tears to the nasal cavity for drainage.
C. To pump blood yto the lacrimal gland.
D. To connect the eye with the optic nerve.

A

B. To transport tears to the nasal cavity for drainage.

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9
Q

How does the lacrimal gland function as a secretory organ?
A. It produces tears to lubricate and protect the eye.
B. It drains tears into the nasal cavity.
C. It supplies nutrients to the retina
D. It regulates intraocular pressure.

A

A. It produces tears to lubricate and protect the eye.

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10
Q

Why are tears important in maintaining eye health?
A. They prevent the growth of eyelashes.
B. They help maintain intraocular pressure
C. They wash away debris and provide antimicrobial protection.
D. They supply oxygen to the optic nerve

A

C. They wash away debris and provide antimicrobial protection.

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11
Q

What is the primary function of the auricle (pinna) in the external ear?
A. To produce earwax
B. To protect the middle ear from dust
C. To collect and funnel sound waves into the ear canal
D. To amplify certain sound frequencies

A

C. To collect and funnel sound waves into the ear canal

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12
Q

What type of glands are found in the external auditory canal and contribute to the
production of earwax?
A. Sebaceous and ceruminous glands
B. Sweat and ceruminous glands
C. Sebaceous and sweat glands
D. Ceruminous and salivary glands

A

A. Sebaceous and ceruminous glands

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13
Q

Which part of the external ear is composed of elastic cartilage covered by skin?
A. External auditory canal
B. Tympanic membrane
C. Auricle (pinna)
D. Eustachian tube

A

C. Auricle (pinna)

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14
Q

The chorda tympani nerve is a branch of which cranial nerve?
A. CN V3
B. CN VI
C. CN VII
D. CN VIII

A

C. CN VII

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15
Q

What is the specific part of the malleus that articulates with the incus?
A. Handle
B. Neck
C. Head
D. Lateral process

A

C. Head

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16
Q

The malleus articulates with the tympanic membrane by its
A. Handle
B. Neck
C. Head
D. Lateral process

A

A. Handle

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17
Q

What structure collects sound waves and conducts them to the tympanic
membrane?
A. Cochlear duct
B. Auricle
C. Vestibular membrane
D. Basilar membrane

A

B. Auricle

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18
Q

What type of waves are produced in the perilymph by the vibration of the stapes?
A. Electromagnetic waves
B. Pressure waves
C. Sound waves
D. Light waves

A

B. Pressure waves

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19
Q

Which component in the auditory process is most critical for translating mechanical
vibrations into neural signals for the CNS?
A. Tympanic membrane
B. Basilar membrane
C. Hair cells
D. Cochlear duct

A

C. Hair cells

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20
Q

Tympanic membrane - Which of the following is the proper way to perform otoscopic
examination in adults?
A. Grasp the auricle and pull it upward, forward, and towards the head
B. Grasp the auricle and pull it upward, forward, and slightly away from the head
C. Grasp the auricle and pull it upward, backward, and towards the head
D. Grasp the auricle and pull it upward, backward, and slightly away from the head

A

D. Grasp the auricle and pull it upward, backward, and slightly away from the head

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21
Q

Which of the following innervates the tympanic membrane?
A. CN V
B. CN VIII
C. CN XII
D. CN VI

A

A. CN V

22
Q

Which way does middle ear infections occur?
A. Pathogenic organisms descend from the auditory tube to the nasal part of the
pharynx.
B. Pathogenic organisms ascend through the auditory tube from the nasal part of
the pharynx
C. Both are true
D. None of the above

A

B. Pathogenic organisms ascend through the auditory tube from the nasal part of
the pharynx

23
Q

What area of the nose is necessary for facial expression, sniffing and sneezing?
A. Bony vault
B. Nasal lobule
C. Nasal spine
D. Nasal valve of Mink

A

B. Nasal lobule

24
Q

What area of the nose is the narrowest structure of the upper respiratory tract and is
also known as the limen nasi?
A. Bony vault
B. Nasal lobule
C. Nasal spine
D. Nasal valve of Mink

A

D. Nasal valve of Mink

25
Q

Which structure separates the nasopharynx from the oropharynx?
A. Hard palate
B. Soft palate
C. Middle meatus
D. Nasal septum

A

B. Soft palate

26
Q

Which of the following is primarily the second messenger in the signal transduction
pathway of olfactory cells?
A. Calcium ions
B. ATP
C. Camp
D. Potassium ions

A

C. Camp

27
Q

Which of the following causes depolarization of olfactory cells?
A. Opening of the sodium & calcium channels
B. Opening of the potassium channels
C. Opening of the chloride channels
D. Decrease in acitvity of the g-protein

A

A. Opening of the sodium & calcium channels

28
Q

Which of the following is true of the old olfactory system?
A. It does not involve cranial nerves
B. It directly connects to the spinal cord
C. It is initially processed in the brainstem
D. It bypasses the thalamus before reaching the cortex

A

D. It bypasses the thalamus before reaching the cortex

29
Q

Which sinus is located at the back of the nasal cavity, near the base of the skull?
A. Frontal
B. Maxillary
C. Sphenoid
D. Ethmoid

A

C. Sphenoid

30
Q

The opening of the maxillary sinuses drains into which structure?
A. Nasolacrimal duct
B. Middle nasal meatus
C. Inferior nasal meatus
D. Superior nasal meatus

A

B. Middle nasal meatus

31
Q

Which artery is the primary source of blood supply to the maxillary sinus?
A. Facial
B. Maxillary
C. Ophthalmic
D. External carotid

A

B. Maxillary

32
Q

The ____ is a non-functional remnant of the thyroglossal duct located at the
tongue’s dorsum.
A. Sulcus terminals
B. Median groove
C. Foramen cecum
D. Vallecula

A

C. Foramen cecum

33
Q

What movement is associated with the genioglossus muscles?
A. Protrusion
B. Retraction
C. Depression
D. Elevation

A

A. Protrusion

34
Q

These are slender conical projections arranged in rows parallel to the sulcus
terminalis.
A. Vallate papillae
B. Fungiform papillae
C. Filiform papillae
D. Foliate papillae

A

C. Filiform papillae

35
Q

A patient reports a reduced ability to distinguish between sweet and savory foods
after a nasal infection. Which statement would best explain this?
A. The nasal infection damaged the taste buds, directly impairing taste perception.
B. The infection affected the neural pathways that transmit pain signals from
substances like pepper.
C. The infection likely impaired olfactory function, reducing the integration of smell
into taste perception.
D. The infection caused damage to the tactile sensory system, altering the texture
perception of foods.

A

C. The infection likely impaired olfactory function, reducing the integration of smell
into taste perception.

36
Q

Why is the continuous replacement of taste cells important for the function of the
taste bud?
A. it ensures that supporting cells, like sustentacular cells, can become taste cells
when needed.
B. It maintains the sensitivity of taste buds to different stimuli, as older cells dissolve
over time.
C. It allows nerve fibers to continuously regenerate in the taste buds for proper
signal transmission.
D. It increases the size of the taste bud, enhancing the surface area for taste
perception.

A

B. It maintains the sensitivity of taste buds to different stimuli, as older cells dissolve
over time.

37
Q

Which wall of the tympanic cavity is formed by a thin plate of bone on the floor of the
middle cranial fossa?
A. jugular wall
B. membranous wall
C. anterior carotid wall
D. tegmental wall

A

D. tegmental wall

38
Q

Which part of the ossicles extend into the epitympanic recess?
A. handle of the malleus
B. head of the malleus
C. short crus of the incus
D. long crus of the incus

A

B. head of the malleus

39
Q

Which of the following muscles is primarily responsible for retracting the upper
eyelid?
A. Orbicularis oculi
B. Levator palpebrae superioris
C. Superior tarsal muscle
D. Frontalis muscle

A

B. Levator palpebrae superioris

40
Q

Which muscle plays a key role in retracting the lower eyelid?
A. Orbicularis oculi
B. Inferior tarsal muscle
C. Levator palpebrae superioris
D. Zygomaticus major

A

B. Inferior tarsal muscle

40
Q

The general somatic afferent sensation of the nasal cavity is supplied by:
A. Branches of the facial nerve
B. Anterior ethmoidal branch of the ophthalmic nerve
C. Olfactory nerve
D. Nerve of the pterygoid canal

A

B. Anterior ethmoidal branch of the ophthalmic nerve

41
Q

Which of these structures forms part of the roof of the nasal cavity?
A. Palatine bone
B. Vestibule
C. Lacrimal bone
D. Cribriform plate

A

D. Cribriform plate

42
Q

Where is the organ of Corti located?
A. Outer ear
B. Middle ear
C. Cochlea
D. Semicircular canals

A

C. Cochlea

43
Q

The organ of Corti is located on which of the following structures in the cochlea?
A. Vestibular membrane
B. Tectorial membrane
C. Basilar membrane
D. Reissner’s membrane

A

C. Basilar membrane

44
Q

What embryologic structure forms the external auditory meatus?
A. First pharyngeal arch
B. Second branchial cleft
C. First brachial cleft
D. Third pharyngeal pouch

A

C. First brachial cleft

45
Q

What is the average length of the eternal acoustic meatus in adults?
A. 1-2cm
B. 2-3cm
C. 3-4cm
D. 4-5cm

A

B. 2-3cm

46
Q

Which of the following statements is FALSE about the Oral Cavity?
A. The Oral Cavity includes the lips, teeth, tongue, palate and salivary glands
B. The Oral cavity extends from the lips to the pharynx.
C. The Oral cavity has two components: the vestibule and the oral cavity proper.
D. The Anterior two- thirds of the tongue and the reflections of the mucous
membrane forms the roof of the Oral Cavity Proper

A

D. The Anterior two- thirds of the tongue and the reflections of the mucous
membrane forms the roof of the Oral Cavity Proper

47
Q

Which of the following provides general sensation to the Floor of the Oral Cavity?
A. The Greater Palatine Nerves of CN V
B. The Lingual Nerve of CN V
C. The Nasopalatine Nerves CN V
D. The Lingual Nerve of CN VI

A

B. The Lingual Nerve of CN V

48
Q

Which of the following is a step in photoreception in the rods?
A. Light converts all-trans retinal to 11-cis retinal
B. Metarhodopsin II activates transducin
C. Cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP) levels increase
D. Rods depolarize

A

B. Metarhodopsin II activates transducin

49
Q

A 20-year old medical student noticed some difficulty seeing presentation slides
during lectures. He has not experienced difficulty reading textbooks or viewing text
on his laptop screen. He is otherwise healthy and has no maintenance medications.
Which of the following is likely the diagnosis?
A. Hyperopia
B. Presbyopia
C. Myopia
D. Astigmatism

A

C. Myopia

BLOCK 1-3 EXAM (11 decks)

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