Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BLOCK 1-3 EXAM > B2M1 > Flashcards

B2M1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main function of the nuclear lamina?
A. It transports materials in and out of the nucleus.
B. It provides support to the lipid bilayer and perinuclear chromatin.
C. It forms the major mass of the nuclear pore complex.
D. It acts as a staging area for the binding of proteins to the transporter.

A

B. It provides support to the lipid bilayer and perinuclear chromatin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does the nuclear pore complex facilitate communication between the
nucleoplasm and cytoplasm?
A. By forming diffusion channels through the scaffold.
B. By allowing the thick filaments to transport proteins across the membrane.
C. By creating a barrier between the nucleus and the cytoplasm.
D. By supporting the formation of chromatin through the nucleosomes.

A

A. By forming diffusion channels through the scaffold.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which of the following is the principal function of the Endoplasmic reticulum in
muscles?
A. Site for lipid metabolism
B. Sequester calcium that controls muscle contraction
C. Forms lipid component of very low density lipoprotein
D. Synthesis of new protein molecules

A

B. Sequester calcium that controls muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which component of the nuclear pore complex surrounds the pore and supports the
transporter?
A. Thick filaments
B. Co-axial rings
C. Scaffold
D. Transporter

A

C. Scaffold

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which of the following is one function of the Smooth endoplasmic reticulum?
A. Synthesis of fatty acids and other lipids
B. Binding site for mRNA
C. Manufacture of glucose
D. Transport of vesicles

A

A. Synthesis of fatty acids and other lipids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Which filament protein in the cytoskeleton works together with myosin for muscle
contraction?
A. Actin
B. Glial filament
C. Keratin
D. Vimentin

A

A. Actin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which of the following statements accurately distinguishes between an in vivo
reaction and an in vitro reaction?
A. In vivo reactions occur in a laboratory setting, while in vitro reactions occur within
a living organism
B. In vivo reactions are entirely artificial, while in vitro reactions are natural
processes
C. In vitro reactions occur in a controlled laboratory environment, while in vivo
reactions occur within a living organism
D. Both in vivo and in vitro reactions occur only inside living cells

A

C. In vitro reactions occur in a controlled laboratory environment, while in vivo
reactions occur within a living organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which of the following organelles enable the cell to produce ATP for cellular
function?
A. Mitochondrion
B. Endoplasmic reticulum
C. Golgi apparatus
D. Secretory vesicle

A

A. Mitochondrion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Which of the following is a non-living component of the cell?
A. Glycogen
B. Mitochondrium
C. Lysosome
D. Centriole

A

A. Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is known as the cell “glycocalyx”?
A. A thick outer covering of cells that lets the cell slide into small crevices in its
environment
B. A thin outer covering on cells that separates them from the external milieu
C. A thin outer coating on cells filled with toxins used to invade a host
D. A thick outer covering on cells made of carbohydrates and proteins that protects
the cell

A

D. A thick outer covering on cells made of carbohydrates and proteins that protects
the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Which of the following protein types avoids coming into contact with the
phospholipid bilayer’s hydrophobic core?
A. Membrane proteins
B. Peripheral proteins
C. Intrinsic proteins
D. Integral proteins

A

B. Peripheral proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Which of the following proteins is also referred to as an intrinsic protein?
A. Intracytoplasmic proteins
B. Lipid-anchored proteins
C. Integral membrane proteins
D. Peripheral proteins

A

C. Integral membrane proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Which statement best characterizes the impact of lipid tail length on membrane
fluidity at varying temperatures?
A. Longer lipid tails always increase fluidity regardless of temperature.
B. Shorter lipid tails decrease fluidity by increasing molecular packing at higher
temperatures.
C. Longer lipid tails increase the temperature at which fluidity changes due to
stronger hydrophobic interactions.
D. Lipid tail length does not affect the temperature at which the bilayer transitions
between states.

A

C. Longer lipid tails increase the temperature at which fluidity changes due to
stronger hydrophobic interactions.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the impact of high cholesterol concentrations on the overall permeability of a
membrane to small hydrophilic molecules?
A. High cholesterol concentrations decrease the permeability by making the
membrane more ordered and less permeable.
B. High cholesterol increases permeability by making the membrane more fluid.
C. Cholesterol has no impact on membrane permeability.
D. Cholesterol makes the membrane more permeable by disrupting the lipid bilayer
structure.

A

A. High cholesterol concentrations decrease the permeability by making the
membrane more ordered and less permeable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Which of the following is primarily responsible for the antigenicity of a cell
membrane?
A. phospholipids
B. glycoproteins
C. cholesterol
D. carbohydrates

A

B. glycoproteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Which of the following explains the selective permeability of the cell membrane?
A. The membrane allows all substances to pass through freely.
B. The membrane allows certain molecules to pass while restricting others.
C. The membrane prevents all substances from entering or exiting the cell.
D. The membrane is impermeable to all ions and polar molecules.

A

B. The membrane allows certain molecules to pass while restricting others.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Which of the following best describes the electrical properties of the cell membrane?
A. The cell membrane is electrically neutral and does not influence ion movement.
B. The cell membrane maintains a resting membrane potential by allowing equal
movement of all ions.
C. The cell membrane exhibits selective permeability, creating an electrical potential
difference by controlling the movement of ions like Na+ and K+.
D. The cell membrane generates electrical signals by allowing proteins and lipids to
pass freely

A

C. The cell membrane exhibits selective permeability, creating an electrical potential
difference by controlling the movement of ions like Na+ and K+.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Selective permeability of the cell membrane is primarily due to the presence of
which component?
A. Phospholipid bilayer
B. DNA
C. Cytoskeleton
D. Nucleus

A

A. Phospholipid bilayer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Which of the following is a key function of the cell membrane?
A. Generating energy for cellular activities
B. Storing genetic information
C. Synthesizing proteins for cellular function
D. Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell

A

D. Controlling the movement of substances into and out of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Which of the following best defines simple diffusion?
A. The movement of water across a membrane
B. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration
C. The active transport of ions against a concentration gradient
D. The process of engulfing particles by a cell

A

B. The movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to an area of low
concentration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Which of the following best describes the driving force behind simple diffusion?
A. Energy from ATP
B. The concentration gradient
C. The size of the molecules
D. The presence of transport proteins

A

B. The concentration gradient

22
Q

Which of the following does the Fick’s First Law of Diffusion state about the rate of
diffusion of a substance?
A. It is directly proportional to the temperature of the substance.
B. It is inversely proportional to the concentration gradient.
C. It is directly proportional to the concentration gradient.
D. It is independent of the surface area available for diffusion.

A

C. It is directly proportional to the concentration gradient.

23
Q

Activation of the Na-K pumps in the cell membrane requires the following:
A. Osmotic pressure difference
B. Hydrostatic pressure difference
C. Lysis of ATP
D. Thermal motion of molecules

A

C. Lysis of ATP

24
Q

Which of the following is TRUE of active transport?
A. Utilizes energy from Thermal motion of molecules
B. Is always uphill
C. Utilizes carrier molecules
D. Is slow-moving

A

B. Is always uphill
C. Utilizes carrier molecules

25
Q

A solution containing 1 mmol/L sodium chloride (NaCl) is separated from pure water
by a selectively permeable membrane. What will be the direction of water movement
and why?
A. Water will move from the NaCl solution to the pure water due to lower osmotic
pressure in the NaCl solution
B. Water will move from the pure water to the NaCl solution due to the higher
osmotic pressure in the NaCl solution
C. Water will move from the NaCl solution to the pure water due to higher osmotic
pressure in the NaCl solution
D. Water will move from the pure water to the NaCl solution due to the lower
osmotic pressure in the NaCl solution

A

B. Water will move from the pure water to the NaCl solution due to the higher osmotic pressure in the NaCl solution

26
Q

This pressure prevents water migration from a solution:
A. Hydrostatic pressure
B. Osmotic pressure
C. Filtration pressure
D. Atmosphere pressure

A

B. Osmotic pressure

27
Q

In the context of osmosis, what is the role of a selectively permeable membrane?
A. To allow all substances to pass through equally
B. To prevent any substances from passing through
C. To allow only water to pass through
D. To only allow solutes to pass through

A

C. To allow only water to pass through

28
Q

What draws water into the capillaries from the interstitial fluid?
A. Colloid oncotic pressure produced by the heart.
B. Hydrostatic pressure produced by plasma proteins.
C. Colloid oncotic pressure produced by plasma proteins.
D. Hydrostatic pressure produced by the heart.

A

C. Colloid oncotic pressure produced by plasma proteins.

29
Q

What happens when water flows into or out of the capillaries, carrying dissolved
particles in it?
A. Osmosis
B. Active transport
C. Solvent drag
D. Bulk flow

A

C. Solvent drag

30
Q

The force that moves molecules uphill against a concentration gradient is:
A. Brownian movement
B. Metabolic energy
C. Thermal motion
D. Osmotic pressure

A

B. Metabolic energy

31
Q

What are examples of primary active transport systems that directly rely on the
hydrolysis of ATP to transport ions across membranes?
A. Calcium - Magnesium pump
B. Potassium - Chloride pump
C. Calcium pump
D. Calcium - Sodium pump

A

C. Calcium pump

32
Q

This type of active transport process directly uses energy obtained from the
hydrolysis of ATP to transport material against an energy gradient:
A. Sodium-Potassium transport
B. Primary
C. Secondary
D. Glucose Sodium Exchange

A

B. Primary

33
Q

Which of the following best describes secondary active transport across a cell
membrane?
A. Movement of molecules using ATP directly to transport them against their
concentration gradient.
B. Transport of molecules using the energy from the movement of another ion down
its electrochemical gradient.
C. Diffusion of molecules across the cell membrane without the use of energy.
D. Movement of molecules through the cell membrane via simple diffusion

A

B. Transport of molecules using the energy from the movement of another ion down
its electrochemical gradient.

34
Q

What type of gating is controlled by changes in the electrical potential across the cell
membrane?
A. Chemical gating
B. Voltage gating
C. Mechanical gating
D. Temperature gating

A

B. Voltage gating

35
Q

Which of the following are the carrier types involved in secondary active transport?
A. Uniporters and symporters (co-transport)
B. Uniporters and antiporters (counter-transport)
C. Symporters and antiporters
D. Channels and pumps

A

C. Symporters and antiporters

36
Q

Which of the following is an example of co-transport (symport)?
A. Sodium-Calcium Exchanger
B. Sodium-Glucose Co-transport
C. Sodium-Hydrogen Exchanger
D. Potassium-Chloride Exchanger

A

B. Sodium-Glucose Co-transport

37
Q

If a drug inhibits symporters in the intestine, which of the following processes would
most likely be affected?
A. Glucose absorption
B. Potassium exchange
C. Sodium excretion
D. Water filtration

A

A. Glucose absorption

38
Q

The Sodium-calcium exchanger is an example of a/an _______ transport molecule.
A. Xenoport
B. Uniport
C. Antiport
D. Symport

A

C. Antiport

39
Q

Which of the following statements about the vesicular transport system is true?
A. Phagolysosomes digest macromolecular contents to yield amino acids and
nucleotides
B. The endocytotic vesicle pinched off from the cell membrane and is released into
the extracellular space.
C. Endocytosis involves 3 main processes: Phagocytosis, pinocytosis, and pyknosis
D. Because the receptors involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis are highly
specific, hydrolysis of ATP is not necessary

A

A. Phagolysosomes digest macromolecular contents to yield amino acids and
nucleotides

40
Q

Which of the following cells do phagocytosis?
A. Plasma cells
B. Mature red blood cells
C. Neutrophils
D. Megakaryocytes

A

C. Neutrophils

41
Q

Which is the primary function of endocytosis?
A. To take in external substances, either large particles or fluids
B. To expel cellular waste products
C. To release hormones and neurotransmitters
D. To remodel the cell membrane

A

A. To take in external substances, either large particles or fluids

42
Q

Which of the following statements best describes the role of calcium ions in
exocytosis?
A. Ca2+ inhibits the vesicle fusion process with the cell membrane.
B. Ca2+ acts as a signal to trigger the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane.
C. Ca2+ is only involved in the endocytosis process.
D. Ca2+ binds to vesicles to ensure they do not fuse with the cell membrane

A

B. Ca2+ acts as a signal to trigger the fusion of vesicles with the cell membrane.

43
Q

In voltage-gated channels, molecular conformation of the gate responds to ______
across the cell membrane
A. Active anions
B. Electrical potential
C. Protein/ ligand
D. Acetylcholine channel

A

B. Electrical potential

44
Q

In voltage-gating, a strong negative charge within the cell membrane causes sodium
gate to:
A. Undergo electrical change
B. Open
C. Close
D. Undergo refractory period

A

C. Close

45
Q

This is the major intracellular cation:
A. Sodium
B. Calcium
C. Potassium
D. Magnesium

A

C. Potassium

46
Q

The voltage-gated sodium channel has two gates called:
A. Activation and inactivation gates
B. Intracellular and extracellular gates
C. Positively-charged and negatively-charged gates
D. Ionized and unionized gates

A

A. Activation and inactivation gates

47
Q

Which of the following types of ion channels are directly activated by the binding of a
specific neurotransmitter?
A. Voltage-gated channels
B. Ligand-gated channels
C. Neurotransmitter-gated channels
D. Nucleotide-gated channels

A

B. Ligand-gated channels

48
Q

What is the primary role of neurotransmitter-gated channels in synaptic
transmission?
A. To generate action potentials
B. To convert electrical signals into chemical signals
C. To alter membrane permeability
D. To synthesize neurotransmitters

A

C. To alter membrane permeability

49
Q

What type of channel is a potassium leak channel?
A. Voltage-gated channel
B. Ligand-gated channel
C. Mechanically gated channel
D. Ungated channel

A

D. Ungated channel

50
Q

Which of the following is an example of secondary active transport?
A. Sodium-potassium pump using ATP to move sodium and potassium ions against
their gradients.
B. Glucose moving into the cell using the sodium gradient created by the sodium-
potassium pump.
C. Oxygen diffusing across the cell membrane without the use of energy.
D. Water moving through aquaporins in the cell membrane

A

B. Glucose moving into the cell using the sodium gradient created by the sodium-
potassium pump.

BLOCK 1-3 EXAM (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions