B3 Garibaldi Uniting South With North

Question 1

Garibaldi heard about an uprising taking place in Sicily against the King of Naples, what happened?

Answer 1

Mazzini urged to take his men to the island and help the Young Italy volunteers. G gathered 1,200 volunteers set sail May 1860 “The Thousand”

Question 2

What was Cavours opinion on Garibaldi sailing to Sicily?

Answer 2

Uncertain whether he wanted the attach to succeed as in his opinion, the south were too poor and backward for Piedmont to take over

Question 3

Cavours opinion on the uprising in Sicily led to what?

Answer 3

He therefore refused Garibaldi’s request for arms and equipment and made it clear that Garibaldi did not have official Piedmontese support

Question 4

Garibaldi reached Marsala in Sicily when?

Answer 4

11th May but was lucky as he arrived alongside some British naval ships, so he wasn’t attacked

Question 5

Garibaldi advanced to Palermo, The Thousand now numbering to what?

Answer 5

3,000

Question 6

By the end of May found what?

Answer 6

20,000 enemy troops waiting for Garibaldi. G won and led to the enemies retreating to Naples and was helped by peasants, bandits and local mafia

Question 7

Garibaldi appointed himself dictator of Sicily and supported the peasants initially, how?

Answer 7

Abolished milling tax and promised land redistribution

Question 8

Garibaldi soon changed sides..

Answer 8

Suppressed some peasant revolts, so lost peasant support and gained support of the landlords

Question 9

Why was Cavour worried?

Answer 9

That Garibaldi would attempt to take Naples and move northwards so he tried to arrange a revolution in Naples in favour of VE, but failed

Question 10

What else did Cavour do to try and hinder Garibaldi progressing?

Answer 10

He gave orders to stop Garibaldi and sent ships to arrest them but Garibaldi was too quick and crossed the straits to Calabria 22nd August

Question 11

Garibaldi fought his way northwards towards the city of Naples…

Answer 11

…The King fled and G arrived by train in early September

Question 12

What was Garibaldi’s plan?

Answer 12

Was to move northwards, to the Papal States and then to Rome, and so complete the geographical unification. Gave Cavour to act

Question 13

What did Cavour fear, relating to Rome?

Answer 13

That an attack on Rome would lead to difficulties with France

Question 14

How strong was Garibaldi’s army?

Answer 14

Amounting to 60,000, many of whom were Mazzian and opposed to the Catholic Church and teachings

Question 15

All this led to what?

Answer 15

Army led by VE, his army marched South, defeating a Papal army on the way and shooting anyone who resisted them as traitors

Question 16

In October the Piedmontese army reached Neapolitan territory and VE and G met when?

Answer 16

26th October in a highly tense scene

Question 17

Garibaldi had no intention of causing problems, what happened?

Answer 17

Saluted VE as “the first King of Italy” and agreed to hand the south over to him

Question 18

In ballots that soon followed in…

Answer 18

…Sicily, Naples, Umbria and the Papal Marches there was an overwhelming wish for annexation to Piedmont

Question 19

On November 7th…

Answer 19

…VE and Garibaldi rode together entry to Naples

Question 20

Garibaldi was offered title of Major General, the title of Prince, a large pension and even a castle, what was Garibaldi’s response?

Answer 20

Refused as he felt the Red Shirts were treated badly and they soon disbanded. He retired to Caprera with a year’s supply of macaroni

Question 21

Role of Britain and Palmerstone?

Answer 21

Gave full backing to the newly unified Italy as they saw it as the popular will of the people

Question 22

January 1861 elections were held for new parliament and…

Answer 22

…in March 1861 a new constitution was adopted. VE was now new king of the Kingdom of Italy