B1Why Did The 1848 Revolutions Fail?

Question 1

What are the 5 main reasons for why the 1848 revolutions failed?

Answer 1

1) Intervention of foreign powers
2) weakness of Piedmont
3) lack of revolutionary/ popular support
4) pope
5) lack of international support

Question 2

What was the name do the fortress Austria retreated to due to how powerful it was?

Answer 2

The Quadrilateral

Intervention of foreign powers

Question 3

The Austrians swept through the Duchies restoring which former ruler?

Answer 3

Leopald II

Intervention of foreign powers

Question 4

What three events presented Austria continuing strength?

Answer 4

Custozza 1848, Novara 1849, the collapse of the Venetian Republic 1849

(Intervention of foreign powers)

Question 5

Name some of the counter revolutionary methods the Austrians used in controlled areas and what was this called?

Answer 5

• Censorship, political prisons and secret police
• Metternich system

(Intervention of foreign powers)

Question 6

How many French troops took how long to enter Rome, seen to defeat Garibalid and his volunteer army?

Answer 6

20,000 troops
2 months

(Intervention of foreign powers)

Question 7

Why could it be said that the impact the Austrians had was limited?

Answer 7

Geographically!! Whilst regarded as most significant long term cause of failure in the North, their impact in the South was at most negligible

(Intervention of foreign powers)

Question 8

Why could it be said that the RR attributed to a great extent to the intervention of the French?

Answer 8

The French were a strong military and the republic could not contend and therefore failed to protect Rome, leading to the French entering

(Intervention of foreign powers)

Question 9

When did Rome surrender in a siege?

Answer 9

July 1849

Intervention of foreign powers

Question 10

Although Piedmont had an independent army and a well-established, stable leader, what did the 1848 revolutions teach VE II and CA?

Answer 10

That foreign dominance could not be ended in Northern Italy by Piedmont alone

(Weakness of Piedmont)

Question 11

Why was it difficult for CA to maintain a well staffed army?

Answer 11

Due to the impact of the Papal Allocution, combined with CA refusal to accept recruits

(Weakness of Piedmont)

Question 12

Why could be said about the weakness and current position Piedmont are in?

Answer 12

To change the outcome of the 1848 revolutions, of Piedmont had had a foreign support, the revolutions in the North would had a greater degree of long-term success

(Weakness of Piedmont)

Question 13

Why could CA commitment be questioned?

Answer 13

Debatable how committed CA was to the 1848 revolutions or whether he was more intent on preventing the growing republicanism in Milan and Venice from spreading to Piedmont

(Weakness of Piedmont)

Question 14

What did Sicily, Naples, Duchies and Piedmont all have in common?

Answer 14

All wanted a constitution

Lack of revolutionary/ popular support

Question 15

Who did Rome and Venice favour?

Answer 15

Republicans

Lack of revolutionary/popular support

Question 16

What was happening in Sicily?

Answer 16

The peasants revolted over food shortage and wanted independence

(Lack of revolutionary/popular support)

Question 17

What was happening in Milan?

Answer 17

The middle class rioted over tobacco prices

Lack of revolutionary/popular support

Question 18

What made it easier for the Austrians and French to divide and rule?

Answer 18

Due to the causes and motivations of revolutions

Lack of revolutionary/popular support

Question 19

What was the challenge in Piedmont?

Answer 19

Focused around the removal of the Austrians

Lack of revolutionary/popular support

Question 20

What did the lack of popular support cause?

Answer 20

Long-term structural problems that not only cemented their failure, but also made it much easier for Austria to divide and rule

(Lack of revolutionary/popular support)

Question 21

When was the Papal Allocution?

Answer 21

April 1848

Pope

Question 22

Who joined CA in forces as he ignored the Pope?

Answer 22

The rebel Durando who ignored the Pope’s orders

Pope

Question 23

Barrier of the papacy before 1848?

Answer 23

Pius didn’t support any sort of national cause, decreased unity attitude
Pius known globally, more support to stop nationalism and unity

(Pope)

Question 24

What did Gioberti believe which was crushed by the request of foreign power to restore temporal power?

Answer 24

Neo-Guelphism

Pope

Question 25

What does the Papal Allocution mean?

Answer 25

Signals that the Pope would not support any nationalist cause and marks a turning point in the attitudes towards a unified peninsula

(Pope)

Question 26

The role of the Pope severely undermined the 1848 revolution, but what could be said?

Answer 26

It is likely that Austria would have had the military capability to crush Piedmont even with the help of the Pope

(Pope)

Question 27

The overall impact of the Pope?

Answer 27

Served as the short-term trigger for foreign involvement, but also created long-term problems for Piedmontese army

(Pope)

Question 28

When did the Austrian, French and Neopolitan forced to enter the Papal States?

Answer 28

April 1849

Pope

Question 29

When did the Pope excommunicate and what did this mean?

Answer 29

1849, the Pope excluded all who tried to reduce the temporal power of the papacy
1850 returned to Rome, supported by 20,000 French troops

(Pope)

Question 30

When did Napoleon III remain unmoved?

Answer 30

During Piedmonts March 1849 campaign against Austria

Lack of foreign support

Question 31

The British and French acted as mediators between Piedmont and Austria, this led to what and what was the impact?

Answer 31

Armistice of Salasco August 1848
Came to nothing, was broken as CA was hoping for French support, the idea became obselette between Piedmont and Austria

(Lack of foreign support)

Question 32

The lack of international support ensured what?

Answer 32

That the intervention of foreign powers was the most important facto. Should international support have been more forth coming, Northern revolutions 1848 would have enjoyed more success

(Lack of foreign support)