B3 Flashcards
Describe the process of protein synthesis
Firstly transcription takes place , this is when the base sequence of the gene is copied into a complimentary template molecule . this is called mRNA .
The mRNA then goes into the cytoplasm and attaches itself to a ribosome . then there is translation- the TRNA then brings the amino acids to the ribosome and the ribosome puts the Amino acid in the correct order according to the sequence of bases .there are 3 bases for 1 amino acid . An enzyme then joins the amino acids together and a protein is made .
Describe how a section of DNA determines the structure of a protein
The order of the bases determines the structure of the protein because during translation , the mRNA is a template of a strand of DNA in the nucleus and in translation this same order of bases is used to make protein . 3 base pairs for every 1 amino acid .
How did scientists help discover DNA
X-ray being used to show helical structure .
X-rays also used to show diameter of molecules
X-rays being used to show how the base pairings were shown
Explain how the human genome project is useful
can easily identify mutated genes
people can be tested for genetic disorders
Diseases like cancer can be easily identified
Describe how monoclonal antibodies are made ?
Inject a mouse with the antigen of the pathogen
the mouse’s Lymphocytes will produce antibodies agenized the pathogen
We can collect the antibodies from the mouse
Fuse the antibodies with a myeloma cell
Hybridoma cell is now made
Hybridoma produces the monoclonal antibodies
attach the monoclonal antibody to your test strip
How is DNA extracted from fruit ?
Peel skin of fruit and mash up the fruit
mix salt and washing up liquid into fruit
heat the mixture for 5 minutes
Filter mixture and retain the filtrate
pour cold ethanol onto filtrate and observe
