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BIOLOGY > B2.7 Cell Division and Inheritance > Flashcards

B2.7 Cell Division and Inheritance Flashcards

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1
Q

What is fertilisation

A

When a male gamete fuses with a female gamete

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2
Q

How many sets of chromosomes are in a normal body cell?

A

2

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3
Q

How many sets of chromosomes are in a gamete?

A

1

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4
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA carries the genetic code for every living thing

It is unique to each being apart from in identical twins

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5
Q

What is a gene?

A

A gene is a section of DNA that codes for a specific protein by ordering Amino Acids

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6
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

Chromosomes are made from long chains of DNA

They are found in the cell nucleus

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7
Q

By what process do body cells divide?

A

MITOSIS

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8
Q

In which division process is genetic material COPIED and the cell forms two IDENTICAL cells?

A

MITOSIS

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9
Q

What division process is for growth?

A

Mitosis

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10
Q

Where are male gametes (sperm cell) produced?

A

Testes

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11
Q

Where are female gametes (egg cell) produced?

A

Ovaries

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12
Q

What type of cell division produces gametes?

A

MEIOSIS

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13
Q

After fertilisation, how does the cell grow into a baby?

A

Mitosis

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14
Q

What is cell differentiation?

A

When cells specialise to complete different functions

This usually happens early on

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15
Q

What is a stem cell?

A

A stem cell is a cell coming from embryos or adult bone marrow

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16
Q

How is a stem cell useful?

A

Stem cells can be made to differentiate to become any kind of human body cell
They could be used to help treat PARKINSONS, and PARALYSIS

17
Q

What is the process of meiosis?

A

Meiosis forms gametes

  • A parent cell divides
  • Similar chromosomes pair up
  • Parts of the DNA are swapped
  • These cells then divide
  • The chromosomes divide

(Look in book better diagram)

18
Q

As a result of mitosis, how many cells are produced?

A

2

19
Q

How many pairs of chromosomes are in a human body cell?

A

23

20
Q

How many times does the cell divide in MEIOSIS?

A

Twice

21
Q

How many cells does meiosis create?

A

4

22
Q

What are alleles?

A

Different forms of genes

23
Q

What chromosomes causes the offspring to be male?

A

XY

24
Q

Why are some genetic conditions more common in males than in females?

A

One of the male chromosomes is missing a part so if the other chromosome coding for that function is faulty, there is no backup
In females, both chromosomes must be faulty

25
Q

When will a dominant allele present?

A

When there is one or more of it there

26
Q

When will a recessive allele be visible?

A

When there is a pair

27
Q

What did Gregor Mendel discover?

A

Speciation / Variation / Inheritance

28
Q

How did Mendel discover variation in genes?

A

He bred pea plants

  • He bread different characteristics (eg tall/short, wrinkly/smooth red/white flower) for generations until the offspring was pure
  • He then bread the two opposing characteristics together
  • He noticed that some genes (eg red flower) were dominant whereas some (eg white flower) were recessive
29
Q

What gene type causes polydactyly?

A

DOMINANT

30
Q

What is polydactyly?

A

Extra fingers or toes

31
Q

What allele causes cystic fibrosis?

A

RECESSIVE

32
Q

What is cystic fibrosis?

A

Cystic fibrosis affects cell membranes causing the production of thick and sticky mucus

33
Q

What is embryo screening?

A

Observing an embryo to identify any genetic disorders

34
Q

What is a genotype?

A 
The genotype is the genetic formation of an allele
eg
Ff
FF
ff
35
Q

What is the phenotype?

A 
The phenotype is the physical characterisation of the genotype
eg
Brown hair
Blue eyes
Polydactyly
36
Q

What does it mean to be HOMOZYGOUS for a gene?

A

Carry two of the SAME alleles
eg
FF
ff

37
Q

What does it mean to be HETEROZYGOUS for a gene?

A

Carry two DIFFERENT alleles
eg
Ff
fF

BIOLOGY (22 decks)

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