B2.5 Enzymes

Question 1

What are proteins made up of?

Answer 1

Long chains of amino acids

Question 2

What are enzymes?

Answer 2

Biological catalysts that are proteins

If their shape is changed, they may not work anymore

Question 3

Why do proteins have so many different qualities?

Answer 3

Each protein is made up of hundreds of thousands of amino acids joined together in different sequences
This gives them all different properties

Question 4

What are examples of the different jobs of proteins in the body?

Answer 4

• Hormones
• Antibodies
• Structuring
• Enzymes

Question 5

What is special about the complex shapes of enzymes?

Answer 5

They allow other molecules to fit into them

Question 6

What is the name of molecules entering a protein?

Answer 6

Substrate molecules

Question 7

What is the name of the area where substrate molecules enter the enzyme?

Answer 7

The active site

Question 8

What factors can denature an enzyme?

Answer 8

• High temperatures

- Extreme PHs

Question 9

What is the optimum temperature for enzymes?

Answer 9

Around 37 degrees celcius
/
Whichever temp the activity is greatest

Question 10

What is the optimum PH for intestinal enzymes?

Answer 10

Around 7.5

Question 11

What is the optimum PH for stomach enzymes?

Answer 11

Around 2

Question 12

What does amylase break down?

Answer 12

Starch into sugars

Question 13

Which enzyme breaks proteins into amino acids?

Answer 13

Protease

Question 14

What reaction does lipase act as a catlyst for?

Answer 14

Lipids into fatty acids and glycerol

Question 15

Where is amylase produced?

Answer 15

• Salivary glands
• pancreas
• Small intestine

(It mostly works in the mouth)

Question 16

Where is protease produced?

Answer 16

• Stomach
• Pancreas
• Small intestine

(mostly works in stomach and small intestine)

Question 17

Where is lipase produced?

Answer 17

• Pancreas
• Small intestine

(mostly works in small intestine)

Question 18

What acid helps digestion in the stomach, particularly by killing harmful organisms and works best at a low PH

Answer 18

Hydrochloric acid

Question 19

What substance is responcible for neutralising the acidic stomach conditions so the small intestine can work best in alkaline conditions?

Answer 19

Bile

Question 20

How is protease used in the industry?

Answer 20

To predigest proteins in baby foods

Question 21

How are protease and lipase used commercially?

Answer 21

In biological detergents to break down stains into water soluble marks so the wash can be at a lower temperature

Question 22

What enzyme is used to convert cheap starch syrup into valuable sugar syrup?
EG for sports drinks?

Answer 22

Carbohydrase

Question 23

What enzyme is benficial in slimming foods as it converts glucose syrup into fructose syrup which is sweeter so less can be used?

Answer 23

Isomerase

Question 24

What monomers are proteins made up of?

Answer 24

Amino acids