B2.1 Cells and Cell Transport Flashcards
How do dissolved substances pass in and out of cells?
Diffusion
What features are common in both plant and animal cells?
Nucleus Cytoplasm Cell membrane Mitochondria Ribosomes
What are features of plant cells that are not in animal cells?
Cell wall
Chloroplasts
Vacuole
What is the function of the nucleus?
- Contains genetic material
- Controls activities of cell
What is the function of the cytoplasm?
- Place of chemical processes and reactions
- Enzymes
Which part of the cell (in plants and animals) controls movement in and out?
The cell membrane
Which part of the cell (in plants and animals) is the site of respiration?
The mitochondria
Where does protein synthesis happen in the cell?
With the ribosomes
What is the function of the cell wall in plant cells?
To strengthen and structure the cell
What is the function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?
- Contains chlorophyll
- Absorbs light energy for photosynthesis
What is the purpose of the vacuole?
- It fills with cell sap to keep the cell TURGID
What key feature is missing in a bacteria cell?
A nucleus
What type of organisms are bacteria and yeast?
SINGLE - CELLED organisms
How are bacteria and yeast cells different?
Yeast cells have a nucleus, bacteria cells do not
What features do bacteria, yeast, animal, and plant cells all share?
Cytoplasm
Cell membrane
(not animals) Cell wall
How is a leaf cell specialised for its function to absorb light energy for photosynthesis?
- Packed with chloroplasts
- Regular shape
- Closely packed cells form continuous layer to efficiently absorb sunlight
- Stomata for gas exchange
How are root hair cell specialised to absorb minerals and ions from the soil?
- Long finger like shape to maximise surface area and absorb the most minerals and ions
How is a sperm cell specialised to be able to fertilise an egg cell?
- Head containing genetic information
- Tip containing enzyme to help penetrate egg membrane
- Body packed with mitochondria for energy
- Tail moves the sperm towards the egg
How are red blood cells specialised to maximise the amount of oxygen it can carry to cells?
- Thin outer membrane for a short diffusion pathway for oxygen
- Biconcave disk to maximise surface area and oxygen absorbtion
- No nucleus to allow whole cell to be filled with haemoglobin
What is diffusion?
Diffusion is when particles spread from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration
Which substance diffuses out of respiring cells?
Carbon Dioxide
What is a factor that would NOT speed up diffusion?
Making the cell rounder
What factor would speed up diffusion?
Making the cell membrane thinner
Moving the blood supply closer
Which substance diffuses INTO respiring cells?
Oxygen
