B2.2 Tissues, Organs, and Organ systems Flashcards
What is a tissue?
A group of similar cells that all have a similar structure and function
What is the function of the muscular tissue?
The muscular tissue contracts to move and churn food in the stomach
What is the function of the glandular tissue?
Produces enzymes and hormones to help break down the food
What is the function of the epithelial tissue?
To cover and protect the inner and outer linings of the stomach from the enzymes
What is the order of cells to organ system?
Cell, Tissue, Organ, Organ system
What are examples of organ systems in the body?
The nervous system
The respiratory system
The digestive system
The reproductive system
What are the main tissues and organs in the digestive system?
Pancreas + salivary glands Stomach Liver Small intestine Large intestine
What’s the function of the pancreas and salivary glands in the digestive system?
To produce digestive juices such as enzymes to help break down food
What is the purpose of the stomach?
To digest food through churning and the addition of enzymes
Which part of the digestive system produces bile?
The liver
What is bile?
Bile is produced by the liver and critical in digesting fats into fatty acids in the small intestine
What is the function of the small intestine?
To digest and absorb soluble foods and nutrients into the blood stream
What part of the digestive system absorbs water from undigested foods and produces faeces?
The large intestine
In the digestive system, where does the digestion occur?
The stomach and small intestine
What are examples of tissues in plants?
Epidermal tissue (covers plant)
Mesophyll (carries out photosynthesis)
Xylem + phloem (Transport substances around the plant)
What are examples of organs in plants?
Roots
Stems
Leaves
What is the function of a leaf and how is it adapted to do so?
The leaf’s purpose is to absorb light for photosynthesis
It does this with:
- Chlorophyll (absorb light)
- Large surface area (absorb light)
- Stomata (carbon dioxide into leaf)
- Thin (short diffusion pathway 4 co2)
- Network of veins ( support leaf and transprt nutrients)
How is a leaf composed (from upward side to underneath)
- Wax cuticle
- Upper epidermis
- Palisade mesophyll
- Spongy mesophyll
- Lower epidermis
- Guard cells / stomata
What is the purpose of the thin, waxy cuticle?
Protect the leaf without blocking out light
What is the purpose of the epidermis in the leaf?
To allow more light to reach the palisade cells as they are transparent
What is the purpose of the chloroplasts in the palisade cells?
To maximise absorbtion of light
What is the purpose of the spongy mesophyll?
Air spaces allow ease of diffusion of carbon dioxide and increase the surface area
