B2.2.3 - Heart & Blood

Question 1

What is the heart made of?

Answer 1

Cardiac muscle

Question 2

What do muscular walls do?

Answer 2

Provides a strong heartbeat

Question 3

Describe the 4 chambers of the heart

Answer 3

Separates oxygenated blood from deoxygenated
- 2 atria above and 2 ventricles at the bottom

Question 4

Describe the coronary arteries

Answer 4

Supply blood to the heart to be oxygenated

Question 5

Explain the process of circulation in the heart

Answer 5

1) Deoxygenated blood flows into right atrium, (through vena cava)/Oxygenated blood flows into left atrium (through pulmonary vein)
2) Atria contract, forcing blood into ventricles
3) Ventricles contract, pushing blood into right ventricle, (in pulmonary artery) taken to lungs and blood into left ventricle, (to aorta) taken to body
4) Valves close, preventing back flow

Question 6

Describe the structure of: Red blood cells

Answer 6

• haemoglobin
• no nucleus, making space for Haemoglobin
• biconcave shape: maximise surface area for oxygen absorption
• flexible: fits very narrow blood vessels (including capillary lumen)

Question 7

What is haemoglobin?

Answer 7

Red protein, combines w oxygen, allowing transport
Found in red blood cells

Question 8

Describe the structure of: white blood cells

Answer 8

• large
• contain nucleus

Question 9

Describe the structure of: plasma

Answer 9

• liquid
• made of water (90%)

Question 10

What are platelets?

Answer 10

Tiny structures, help the blood to clot

Question 11

Functions of:
1) Red blood cells
2) White blood cells
3) Plasma

Answer 11

1) carries oxygen throughout body
2) fights diseases, making antibodies (can change shape engulfing microorganisms)
3) carries all blood components