B1.2.2 - Transcription And Translation

Question 1

Why can’t DNA leave the nucleus?

Answer 1

The molecules are too big

Question 2

What is the copy of DNA called?

Answer 2

mRNA (messenger RNA) which is a single strand of DNA

Question 3

What is produced in transcription and what is produced in translation?

Answer 3

Transcription - copy of DNA (mRNA)
Translation - proteins

Question 4

Describe the process of transcription.

Answer 4

1) DNA unzips, both strands separated
2) One acts as a template for mRNA to copy
3) Complementary bases attach onto strand being copied
4) Cytosine joins to Guanine & Thymine is now Uracil so Adenine is paired with Uracil (C-G and A-C)
5) When done, mRNA produced detaches from DNA strand
6) DNA zips back up

Question 5

Where does mRNA then travel to for producing the protein?

Answer 5

It goes to the ribosomes, exiting the nucleus

Question 6

What is a codon?

Answer 6

3 bases or triplets of bases on mRNA

Question 7

How are proteins made?

Answer 7

By the process of translation and amino acids as the base

Question 8

Describe the process of translation.

Answer 8

1) mRNA attaches to a ribosome
2) Ribosome reads nucleotides of mRNA in codons or threes
3) Continues to read triplet code, adding in more amino acids as it goes on
4) Amino acids join together in a chain, resulting in proteins